Palladium-catalysed hydroxylation and alkoxylation.

Palladium-catalysed hydroxylation and alkoxylation.

Chemical Society reviews (2011-06-07)

Stephan Enthaler, Anna Company

ABSTRACT

The formation of oxygen-carbon bonds is one of the fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. In this regard the application of palladium-based catalysts has been extensively studied during recent years. Nowadays it is an established methodology and the success has been proven in manifold synthetic procedures. This tutorial review summarizes the advances on palladium-catalysed C-O bond formation, means hydroxylation and alkoxylation reactions.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

686468

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%

287474

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348643

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

203939

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis

267120

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

326666

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

203998

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis

348694

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

348678

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF50988358

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

267112

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

267082

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, sponge, 99.9% trace metals basis

464651

Sigma-Aldrich

Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

GF69074916

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.00075mm, permanent polyester support, 99.75%

GF55245821

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF57528816

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.95%

GF55924241

Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF81839447

Palladium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.95%

GF40398352

Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.95%

GF06424398

Palladium, tube, 120mm, outside diameter 6mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF11001564

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.05μm, specific density 63.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%

GF39094904

Palladium, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF15900713

Palladium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 303.4μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%

GF61398197

Palladium, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.95%

GF52273852

Palladium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF92472688

Palladium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.95%

GF99300371

Palladium, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.95%

GF47015793

Palladium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF51724784

Palladium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF99541985

Palladium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.95%