The gamma(1)34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1alpha to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation ...
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- 06-221
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The gamma(1)34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1alpha to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation ...
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Yin Yang 1 deficiency in skeletal muscle protects against rapamycin-induced diabetic-like symptoms through activation of insulin/IGF signaling.
- Rapamycin and its derivatives are mTOR inhibitors used in tissue transplantation and cancer therapy. A percentage of patients treated with these inhibitors develop diabetic-like symptoms, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. We show here that chronic rapamycin treatment in mice led to insulin resistance with suppression of insulin/IGF signaling and genes associated within this pathway, such as Igf1-2, Irs1-2, and Akt1-3. Importantly, skeletal muscle-specific YY1 knockout mice were protected from rapamycin-induced diabetic-like symptoms. This protection was caused by hyperactivation of insulin/IGF signaling with increased gene expression in this cascade that, in contrast to wild-type mice, was not suppressed by rapamycin. Mechanistically, rapamycin induced YY1 dephosphorylation and recruitment to promoters of insulin/IGF genes, which promoted interaction with the polycomb protein-2 corepressor. This was associated with H3K27 trimethylation leading to decreased gene expression and insulin signaling. These results have implications for rapamycin action in human diseases and biological processes such as longevity.
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- 17-371
- Product Catalog Name:
- EZ-ChIP™
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ERK 1/2- and JNKs-dependent synthesis of interleukins 6 and 8 by fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated with protein I/II, a modulin from oral streptococci, requires foc ...
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- 06-182
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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 via deoxyribonucleic acid sequence elements located downstream of ...
- The skeleton is a direct target of vitamin D action, where the hormone modulates the proliferation of osteoblast precursors, their differentiation into mature osteoblasts, and their functional activity. Some of these effects of vitamin D are reminiscent of those orchestrated by the Wnt signaling pathway wherein stimulation of the membrane receptor Frizzled and its coreceptor LRP5 leads to activation of beta-catenin and subsequent transcription-mediated changes in osteoblast biology. Indeed, LRP5 is now known to play a particularly important role in bone formation such that the loss of this component results in a reduction in osteoblast number, a delay in mineralization, and a reduction in peak bone mineral density. Interestingly, we discovered during the course of a vitamin D receptor (VDR) chromatin immunoprecipitation/DNA microarray analysis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 could induce binding of the VDR to sites within the Lrp5 gene locus. VDR and retinoid X receptor binding was evident both in primary osteoblasts as well as in osteoblasts of cell line origin. Importantly, this interaction between 1,25-(OH)2D3-activated VDR and the Lrp5 gene led to both a modification in chromatin structure within the Lrp5 locus and the induction of Lrp5 mRNA transcripts in vivo as well as in vitro. One of these sites within the Lrp5 locus was discovered to confer vitamin D response to a heterologous promoter when introduced into osteoblastic cells, permitting both the identification and characterization of the vitamin D response element located within. Interestingly, additional studies revealed that whereas the regulatory region in the mouse Lrp5 gene was highly conserved in the human genome, the vitamin D response element was not. Our studies show that 1,25-(OH)2D3 can enhance the expression of a critical component of the Wnt signaling pathway that is known to impact osteogenesis.
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- 06-866
- Product Catalog Name:
- Anti-acetyl-Histone H4 Antibody
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- Document Type:
- Quality Management Dossier
- Product Catalog Number:
- 137037
- Product Catalog Name:
- Guanidinium chloride
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- Document Type:
- Operational Excellence Dossier
- Product Catalog Number:
- KHGLS2THH1
- Product Catalog Name:
- Opticap® Sterile Multilayer XLT20 Durapore® 0.45/0.22 µm 5/8 in. HB
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- Document Type:
- Operational Excellence Dossier (Second Sterilization)
- Product Catalog Number:
- KMP2G3STH1
- Product Catalog Name:
- Milligard® PES 1.2/0.2 µm nominal, Opticap® T-line 30, TC/HB with gauge port
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- Document Type:
- Operational Excellence Dossier
- Product Catalog Number:
- KHGEG3STT1
- Product Catalog Name:
- Opticap® Gamma Compatible XLT 30 Millipore Express® SHC 0.5/0.2 µmum TC/TC 1pk w/1.5" TC top
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- Document Type:
- Operational Excellence Dossier
- Product Catalog Number:
- KHVES3TTT1
- Product Catalog Name:
- Opticap® Sterile XLT 30 Millipore Express® SHR with prefilter 0.5/0.1 µm 1-1/2 in. TC
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- Document Type:
- Operational Excellence Dossier
- Product Catalog Number:
- KVGLS3TTT1
- Product Catalog Name:
- Opticap® Sterile XLT30 Durapore® 0.22 µm1-1/2 in. TC
