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  • Neuropeptide Y and enkephalin immunoreactivity in retinorecipient nuclei of the hamster pretectum and thalamus. 9279004

    This investigation was stimulated by the historical confusion concerning the identity of certain pretectal nuclei and by large differences reported between species with respect to which nuclei receive retinal innervation. Subcortical visual nuclei were studied using immunohistochemistry to identify retinal projections labeled following intraocular injection of cholera toxin, b fragment. In addition, neuropeptide Y (NPY) or enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive cells and fibers were also evaluated in the retinorecipient pretectal and thalamic areas. The results confirm the established view that the retina directly innervates the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), posterior (PPT), and olivary pretectal (OPT) nuclei. However, the retina also innervates the hamster medial (MPT) and anterior (APT; dorsal division) pretectal nuclei, results not previously reported in rodents. A commissural pretectal area (CPT) sparsely innervated by retina is also described. The data show for the first time that the posterior limitans nucleus (PLi) receives a moderately dense, direct retinal input. The PLi does not project to the cortex and appears to be a pretectal, rather than thalamic, nucleus. All retinal projections are bilateral, although predominantly contralateral. The PLi contains a moderately dense plexus of NPY- and ENK-IR fibers and terminals. However, peptidergic fibers also traverse the ATP and connect with the dorsomedial pretectium. The OPT contains ENK- and NPY-IR neurons and fibers, but is specifically identifiable by a moderately dense plexus of ENK-IR terminals. Numerous ENK-IR neurons are found in the NOT and PPT. The latter also has moderate numbers of ENK-IR fibers and terminals, but few NPY-IR neurons or fibers. The MPT contains modest numbers of ENK-IR fibers. The APT has no NPY-IR neurons or terminals, but an occasional ENK-IR neuron is seen and there is sparse ENK-IR innervation. Peptidergic innervation of the visual nuclei does not appear to be derived from the retina. The results show a set of retinally innervated, contiguous nuclei extending from the thalamic ventrolateral geniculate nucleus dorsomedially to the midbrain CPT. These nuclei plus the superior colliculus comprise a dorsal "visual shell" embracing a central core of caudal thalamus and rostral midbrain.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB350
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin Antibody, clone NOC1

  • Photic induction of c-Fos in enkephalin neurons of the rat intergeniculate leaflet innervated by retinal PACAP fibres. 17503087

    The brain's biological clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is synchronised with the cyclic environment by photic and non-photic cues. Photic information to the SCN is mediated by pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-containing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), whereas non-photic input originates primarily from neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells in the ipsilateral thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). RGCs also seem to project to the IGL, indicating a role for this structure in the integration of photic and non-photic inputs related to the resetting of the biological clock. In the present study, we have used anterograde tracing from both eyes, bilateral eye enucleation, double-immunofluorescence histochemistry, high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional computer analysis to show that (1) PACAP-containing RGCs project to the IGL and are the only source for the PACAP-immunoreactive fibres in the IGL; (2) a few NPY-containing neurons in the IGL are innervated by PACAP-containing retinal nerve fibres and the contacts are both axodendritic and axosomatic; (3) most enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the IGL are innervated by PACAP-containing retinal afferents and the contacts are mainly axodendritic; (4) light stimulation at various time points activates (as evidenced by c-Fos induction) enkephalin-positive neurons but not NPY-immunoreactive neurons. The findings suggest that PACAP-immunoreactive retinal afferents in the IGL primarily innervate enkephalin-immunoactive neurons and that the enkephalin-containing neurons, which project locally and to the contralateral IGL, are activated by light independent of diurnal time.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB5026

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin - 4189666

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    4189666
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin -2757891

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    2757891
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin -2697508

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    2697508
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin - 2006923

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    2006923
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin - 3821706

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    3821706
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody

  • Anti-Met Enkephalin - 3537605

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    3537605
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1975
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Enkephalin, Met Antibody