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  • The Importance of Water Quality in the Histology Laboratory The Importance of Water Quality in the Histology Laboratory

    Water is ubiquitous in histology laboratories. Not only is it the main component in many of the reagents prepared in the laboratory (buffers, stains, rinsing solutions), but it is also used in tissue flotation baths, tissue processors, water baths, etc. However, it is often taken for granted, and its potential impact on experimental outcomes overlooked. While it is well known that purified water should be used in most cases, various procedures refer to the use of “deionized,”“distilled,” and “doubledistilled” water, making it confusing as to which type of water should be used. In addition, bacterial contamination of the water should be prevented, which may be difficult, even when using excellent laboratory practices. In the present study, water produced by a water purification system and combined with reverse osmosis, ion exchange resins, electrodeionization, and a germicidal ultraviolet (UV) lamp was used. The resulting purified water was used to prepare reagents, as well as in water baths and/or rinsing solutions for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and silver staining. The results obtained were all satisfactory, including the silver staining, which is known for being very sensitive to water quality. In conclusion, water purified with a combination of reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrodeionization is suitable for a wide array of histology experiments.
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  • Pretreatment Techniques Improve Final Water Quality Pretreatment Techniques Improve Final Water Quality

    Research involving laboratory work requires the use of high purity reagents, such as ultrapure water. There are three main steps in the water purification chain: an initial pretreatment system, pretreated water storage, and a final ultrapure polishing system. The initial pretreatment step produces purified water from a well or potable tap water and can consist of deionization (DI) cartridges, distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) or a combination of reverse osmosis and electrodeionization (EDI). The pretreatment method is crucial because it affects the quality and the efficiency of the final polishing system, as well as the degree of organic and ionic contamination.
    Document Type:
    Reference
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  • Trace Analysis of Perchlorate: Analytical Method and Removal Efficiency of Purification Technologies Trace Analysis of Perchlorate: Analytical Method and Removal Efficiency of Purification Technologies

    Perchlorate recently has received attention as an environmental pollutant. Perchlorate may affect human health by interfering with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and disrupting thyroid function. Perchlorate-free purified water is needed by laboratories analyzing samples for the presence of perchlorates. An ion chromatography method was developed to analyze perchlorate at the ng/L level in high purity water. The perchlorate-removal efficiency of various combinations of water purification technologies also was evaluated. Reverse osmosis alone removed 97 % of the perchlorate. Ion exchange resins and electrodeionization removed all the perchlorate present in water. Using a combination of purification technologies can provide perchlorate-free water suitable for ion chromatography analysis of perchlorate-contaminated samples.
    Document Type:
    Reference
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  • Greater superficial petrosal nerve transection in rats does not change unconditioned licking responses to putatively sweet taste stimuli. 18635557

    The greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSP), innervating taste buds in the palate, is known to be exceptionally responsive to sucrose, especially compared with the responsiveness of the chorda tympani nerve (CT). However, whereas transection of the CT (CTX) alone has little or no effect on unconditioned licking responses to many "sweet" stimuli, the impact of GSP transection (GSPX) alone is equivocal. To further examine the role of the GSP on licking responses to putatively sweet-tasting substances, brief-access taste tests were conducted in nondeprived rats before and after sham surgery (SHAM) or CTX or GSPX. A range of concentrations of sucrose, L-alanine, glycine, and L-serine, with and without 1.0 mM inosine monophosphate (IMP) added, were used. All groups showed significant concentration-dependent increases in licking to all stimuli presurgically and postsurgically. CTX decreased licking responses relative to SHAM rats in the first sucrose test. There was also a group x concentration interaction for L-alanine, but post hoc tests did not reveal its basis. Other than this, there were no significant differences among the surgical groups. Interestingly, rats with GSPX tended to initiate fewer trials than SHAM rats. Overall, after GSPX, the remaining gustatory nerves are apparently sufficient to maintain concentration-dependent licking responses to all stimuli tested here. The disparity between our results and others in the literature where GSPX reduced licking responses to sucrose is possibly related to differences in surgical technique or test trial duration.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    5001

  • The Importance of Water Quality for Media Preparation 10091067

    The variability in pregnancy rates achieved among in-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics may be partially attributable to the disparate quality of the water used in the preparation of culture media. The removal of contaminants in the water is of paramount importance since water constitutes the predominant component in any media formulation. To assist in the selection, operation and maintenance of a water purification system, the level of contaminants must be carefully monitored. Conductivity and resistance are used to measure the purity of natural and ultrapure water respectively. Feed water is analysed by an assortment of direct chemical means to determine the necessary system filtration steps. In general, high quality water can be produced by combined reverse osmosis and electrodeionization of treated tap water. Processed water is supplied to an ultrapure water system to provide final polished water. A detailed water processing protocol is presented along with quality assurance guidelines to ensure the consistent production of high quality ultrapure water suitable for in-vitro human embryo culture.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
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