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Amsphere® A3: Platform Protein A resin for mAb purification

Introduction and platform performance

Whether developing a new process or evaluating dual sourcing for resin supply continuity, understanding the performance characteristics of Protein A resins is key for successful manufacturing.

Amsphere® A3 resin is a well-established Protein A resin used to purify monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody derivatives, e.g., Fc-fusion proteins, antibody fragments, and bispecific antibodies. It offers a high dynamic binding capacity (DBC) and a broad pH operating range, making it suitable as a platform resin across a range of process conditions.1, 2, 3

Key takeaways:

  • High dynamic binding capacity: Amsphere® A3 demonstrated 10–18% higher DBC10% than MabSelect SuRe™ LX for the two mAbs evaluated, supporting improved capture productivity.
  • Comparable purification performance: Amsphere® A3 delivered comparable mAb recovery, HCP clearance, aggregate removal, and AEX as well as CEX polishing performance as MabSelect SuRe™ LX.
  • Broad platform applicability: Amsphere® A3 is an established Protein A resin for mAbs and antibody derivatives, designed for consistent performance across a broad range of process conditions.
  • Choice for dual sourcing: Amsphere® A3 provides a qualifiable alternative for Protein A capture, helping reduce single-supplier dependency and strengthening supply chain resilience.
  • Select the resin to match the process: Amsphere® A3 is suited to standard mAb capture and platform processes, while Amsphere® A+ is optimized for high-titer and intensified processes that require high DBC at low residence times.

Key specifications of Amsphere® A3 resin:

  • Base Bead: Methacrylic copolymer, average particle size (d50): ~50 µm
  • Ligand: Recombinant Protein A expressed in Escherichia coli
  • Dynamic Binding Capacity (DBC10%): ~54 mg/mL at 4 min residence time (RT)

This technical article summarizes the performance of Amsphere® A3 resin using two biosimilars with different isoelectric points (pI) and compares key performance metrics to MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin across mAb capture and the subsequent polishing steps. Visit our Affinity Chromatography Resin page for more information on our affinity chromatography portfolio.

 

Test material included two biosimilar IgG1 mAbs produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells: mAb1 (3.02 g/L, pI 9.2) and mAb2 (2.44 g/L, pI 8.3).

Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins were packed in 0.5 cm Internal diameter (I.D.) x 20 cm bed height (BH) Tricorn™ columns. The DBC10% for each mAb was determined at a residence time (RT) of 6.6 min under the conditions outlined in Table 1. For the capture step, each clarified mAb sample was loaded to 80% of DBC10% value at a linear flow rate of 180 cm/h.

The Protein A eluate was adjusted to pH 7.5 and a conductivity of < 5 mS/cm before an anion exchange chromatography (AEX) polishing step on a 1 mL HiTrap Capto™ Q column at a linear flow rate of 300 cm/h. The AEX flow-through was adjusted to pH 5.0 and a conductivity of < 5 mS/cm before a cation exchange chromatography (CEX) polishing step in bind-and-elute mode, using a 1 mL HiTrap Capto™ S ImpAct column and linear flow rates of 180 cm/h (Table 1).

Dynamic binding capacity

High DBC improves the productivity of chromatographic purification steps.

Figure 1 shows the DBC10% for two mAbs on Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins. Amsphere® A3 resin demonstrated 18% and 10% higher DBC10% compared to MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin with mAb1 and mAb2, respectively. The higher DBC10% of Amsphere® A3 resin at 6.6 minute residences time is consistent with previous literature comparing these resins.1,2 At residence times of 0 to 4 minutes, DBC10% for MabSelect SuRe™ and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins are similar.3

Bar chart comparing dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough of Amsphere®A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins. Amsphere®A3 resin showed dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough from 46-54 mg/mL resin, and 18% and 10% higher than MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin for mAbs 1 and 2 respectively at RT of 6.6 min.

Figure 1.DBC10% of Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins for mAb1 and mAb2 at RT of 6.6 min.

Comparable purification performance in polishing steps

To establish interchangeability with an alternative resin, consistent performance across downstream polishing steps is required. To assess comparability, mAb1 and mAb2 were purified through downstream polishing steps following initial capture on the two Protein A resins, and impurities were quantified and compared after each step.

Analysis of recovery and impurity levels for each mAb after each polishing step is shown in Figure 2. Recovery was similar for both mAbs after each polishing step, with final recovery of approximately 80%, regardless of which Protein A resin was used for capture. Similarly, HCP and aggregate levels were consistent throughout purification with both Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX Protein A capture resins.

Small differences in Protein A ligand leaching were observed for mAb1: Protein A ligand leaching from Amsphere® A3 resin was slightly higher than from MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin following the capture step. However, downstream polishing on AEX and CEX resins reduced leached Protein A ligand to target levels. For all other impurities, purification performance of Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins were comparable.

Chromatograms from purification using both Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins were nearly identical for each mAb (not shown), supporting the conclusion that these resins can be used interchangeably.

Line chart comparing mAb 1 recovery for Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™ at the Protein A eluate, AEX flow-through, CEX eluate, and total process stages. Recovery is approximately 100% after Protein A capture and remains similar after AEX and CEX. Total recovery is about 78% for Amsphere® A3 and 70% for mAb Select Sure™.
: Line chart comparing mAb 2 recovery for Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™ at the Protein A eluate, AEX flow-through, CEX eluate, and total process stages. Recovery is approximately 95% after Protein A capture, 85% after AEX, 83% after CEX, and 72% across the total process for both resins.
Line chart comparing host cell protein, or HCP, levels for mAb 1 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™. HCP levels are high in the Protein A eluate, at approximately 2,000 ppm for Amsphere® A3 and 1,800 ppm for mAb Select Sure™, then decrease to near zero after AEX flow-through and CEX eluate.
Line chart comparing host cell protein, or HCP, levels for mAb 2 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™. HCP levels decrease from approximately 200–220 ppm in the Protein A eluate to about 10–30 ppm after AEX flow-through and approximately 10–20 ppm after CEX eluate.
Line chart comparing leached Protein A levels for mAb 1 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™ at the Protein A eluate, AEX flow-through, and CEX eluate stages. Amsphere® A3 starts at approximately 11 ppm and mAb Select Sure™ at approximately 3 ppm in the Protein A eluate. Levels decrease to about 2 ppm after AEX and approximately 1 ppm after CEX.
Line chart comparing leached Protein A levels for mAb 2 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™. Levels decrease from approximately 2.5–2.7 ppm in the Protein A eluate to about 1.2 ppm after AEX flow-through and approximately 0.8 ppm after CEX eluate.
Line chart comparing aggregate levels for mAb 1 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™ at the Protein A eluate, AEX flow-through, and CEX eluate stages. Aggregate levels remain low, at approximately 1–2%, across all three stages for both resins.
Line chart comparing aggregate levels for mAb 2 purified with Amsphere® A3 and mAb Select Sure™ at the Protein A eluate, AEX flow-through, and CEX eluate stages. Aggregate levels are approximately 4.5–4.8% in the Protein A eluate, remain around 4.5–5% after AEX, and decrease to approximately 1.6% after CEX for both resins.

Figure 2. mAb recovery, HCP, leached Protein A and aggregate levels for two mAbs (mab1 on left column; mab2 on right column) following capture chromatography on Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins and AEX and CEX polishing chromatography steps.

Key takeaways on Amsphere® A3 Protein A chromatography resin

Amsphere® A3 is a well-established Protein A resin for the purification of mAbs and antibody derivatives and offers high DBC10% and superior productivity over a wide operating range. The results from this study confirm previously published studies demonstrating Amsphere® A3 resin can be considered as an alternative platform resin to MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin.1,2 This approach offers an attractive option for improved supply chain resilience for mAb and antibody derivatives manufacturing.

This work demonstrated the following key performance characteristics:

  • Protein A Purification: Capture purification of two mAb-IgG1 targets of different pIs, was comparable on Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resins.
  • Dynamic Binding Capacity: Amsphere® A3 resin demonstrated 10-18% higher DBC10% as compared MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin, improving capture productivity.
  • Downstream Polishing: eluates from Amsphere® A3 and MabSelect SuRe™ LX resin demonstrated equivalent performance in downstream AEX and CEX polishing steps with comparable recovery, HCP clearance and levels of leached Protein A ligands.

Frequently asked questions

The chromatography business of JSR has recently been acquired and we are in the process of integrating these well-established affinity resins into our Process Solutions portfolio, strengthening our Protein A chromatography capabilities with best-in-class products.

In the short term you can use the form on the website or reach out to your account representative.

Amsphere® Protein A resins are used for the affinity capture of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Amsphere® A+ is designed for high-titer and intensified processes, including concentrated fed-batch and continuous bioprocessing, where maximum dynamic binding capacity at low residence times and long-term caustic stability are critical. Amsphere® A3 is an established platform resin suited for a broad range of mAb capture applications, offering a well-balanced productivity and cost-of-goods profile, and is a proven choice for dual sourcing strategies.

Both Amsphere® A3 and Amsphere® A+ are Protein A affinity resins designed for mAb capture, but they are optimized for different process strategies. Amsphere® A3 is an established platform resin offering consistent, reproducible performance across a broad range of mAbs and their derivatives, with a well-balanced productivity and cost-of-goods profile. It is well-suited for scalable platform processes and is a proven choice for dual sourcing strategies. Amsphere® A+ is optimized for maximum productivity in high-titer and intensified processes, delivering outstanding dynamic binding capacity at low residence times. Its exceptional caustic stability and long cycle lifetime make it the right choice for concentrated fed-batch and continuous bioprocessing platforms where process demands are high.

The choice between Amsphere® A3 and Amsphere® A+ depends on your specific process requirements. If you are running a standard mAb capture process and are looking for a reliable, scalable platform resin with a well-balanced productivity and cost-of-goods profile, Amsphere® A3 is the right choice. It is also well-suited for dual sourcing strategies, offering a qualifiable alternative that reduces single-supplier risk. If your process is high-titer or intensified, such as concentrated fed-batch or continuous bioprocessing, and maximum dynamic binding capacity at low residence times is a key requirement, Amsphere® A+ is the recommended option. Its exceptional caustic stability and long cycle lifetime further support the extended resin reuse demands of intensified and continuous manufacturing operations.

For intensified processing, Amsphere® A+ is the recommended Protein A resin. It is specifically engineered to meet the process demands of high-titer and intensified manufacturing modes, including concentrated fed-batch and continuous bioprocessing, delivering outstanding dynamic binding capacity at low residence times. Its exceptional caustic stability and long cycle lifetime ensure reliable performance across extended resin reuse, which is a critical requirement in both intensified batch and continuous manufacturing operations.

For mAb capture in a standard batch process, Amsphere® A3 is the recommended choice. It is an established platform resin offering consistent, reproducible Protein A capture performance across a broad range of mAbs and their derivatives. Its well-balanced productivity and cost-of-goods profile makes it well-suited for platform process strategies that prioritize operational robustness and scalability. Amsphere® A3 is also a proven choice for dual sourcing strategies, providing supply security without compromising process performance.

Amsphere® A+ and Amsphere® A3 will be included in the Emprove® Program soon. Until then, please reach out to your local Merck representative for comprehensive documentation packages and support with qualification, risk assessment, and regulatory activities.

Yes. Amsphere® Protein A resins are specifically designed for the capture step in monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification. For downstream purification steps beyond capture, additional chromatography technologies such as mixed-mode resins and membrane-based solutions are used to address impurity removal and polishing requirements.

Amsphere® Protein A resins use rigid synthetic methacrylic copolymer base bead instead of a soft agarose matrix. This provides higher mechanical and chemical stability, enabling faster flow rates, taller bed heights, stable pressure drop, high dynamic binding capacity at short residence fimes and long resin lifetime, all of which lower the cost per gram of purified antibody.

Dual sourcing is a supply chain strategy in which two qualified resin suppliers are maintained for the same process step, ensuring that manufacturing can continue uninterrupted in the event of supply disruptions, quality issues, or regulatory holds with one supplier. For biopharmaceutical manufacturers, qualifying a second Protein A resin reduces single-supplier dependency and strengthens overall supply chain resilience, which is increasingly important in a global manufacturing environment. Amsphere® A3 is an established choice for dual sourcing qualification, offering consistent, reproducible Protein A capture performance across a broad range of mAbs and their derivatives, with a well-balanced productivity and cost-of-goods profile that supports straightforward process comparability.

Caustic stability refers to a resin's ability to withstand cleaning-in-place with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, which are the industry standard for sanitization between purification cycles. A resin with high caustic stability maintains its dynamic binding capacity and structural integrity across many cycles of NaOH exposure, ensuring consistent process performance over the resin lifetime. This is particularly critical in high-cycle processes such as continuous bioprocessing or intensified fed-batch manufacturing, where resins are subjected to frequent and aggressive cleaning regimens. High caustic stability directly translates into extended resin reuse, reduced resin replacement frequency, and lower cost-of-goods per gram of purified product.

Amsphere® resins contribute to improved cost of goods through two key factors: high dynamic binding capacity and long resin lifetime. A high dynamic binding capacity at low residence times allows more product to be captured per cycle and per liter of resin, reducing the required resin volume and column size for a given production output. The exceptional caustic stability of Amsphere® resins supports extended resin reuse across many cycles with aggressive cleaning-in-place protocols, reducing the frequency of resin replacement and spreading the resin investment across a higher number of purification cycles. Together, these properties enable a more productive and cost-efficient capture step, contributing to a favorable cost-of-goods profile across the resin lifetime.

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Our technical and application experts are ready to support your process development, implementation, and scale-up. The Emprove® Program provides comprehensive technical, regulatory, and supply information to help streamline qualification, risk assessment, and compliance.

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References

1.
Hilbold N, Le Saoût X, Valery E, Muhr L, Souquet J, Lamproye A, Broly H. 2017. Evaluation of several protein a resins for application to multicolumn chromatography for the rapid purification of fed‐batch bioreactors. Biotechnology Progress. 33(4):941-953. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2465
2.
Pabst TM, Thai J, Hunter AK. 2018. Evaluation of recent Protein A stationary phase innovations for capture of biotherapeutics. Journal of Chromatography A. 155445-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.060
3.
2011. MabSelect SuRe LX - Affinity Chromatography. [Internet]. GE Life Sciences: Available from: https://cdn.cytivalifesciences.com/api/public/content/digi-15712-pdf
4.
Liu X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Liu-Compton V, Chen W, Payne G, Lazar AC. 2019. Identification and characterization of co-purifying CHO host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody purification process. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 174500-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.021