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  • Influence of mesh materials on the expression of mediators involved in wound healing. 21345009

    ABSTRACT The use of synthetic mesh for ventral hernia repair is widely accepted, but mesh-induced inflammatory responses may lead to postoperative complications. Molecular mechanisms that direct the extent of the foreign body reaction to implanted materials are poorly understood. This study compares the influence of three macroporous meshes on the expression of genes critical for wound healing and extracellular matrix remodeling in a rat model. Full thickness abdominal wall defects were corrected with polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or suture repair with no mesh. Explants were harvested 7 or 90 days after repair and were divided for histological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA analyses. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays were used to profile the expression of 84 genes involved in angiogenesis at the tissue-mesh interface. Evaluation of gene expression profiles and histologic specimens revealed that polypropylene and polyester induced a greater and more persistent inflammatory response than PTFE, which elicited a response most similar to that induced by suture repair. Mesh implantation induced the differential expression (>3-fold change and p < .01) of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins relative to suture repair without mesh. Genes most markedly upregulated included the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL2 and matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9. Polyester induced the greatest number of differentially expressed genes relative to suture repair both at 7 and 90 days after implantation. Results from this study suggest that the particular type of mesh used in a hernia repair may affect the patient\'s wound healing response and clinical outcome.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB19016
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-MMP-9 Antibody, Catalytic domain (Anti-MMP-9 Antibody, Catalytic domain)

  • Manipulating location, polarity, and outgrowth length of neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells on patterned organic electrode arrays. 21922117

    In this manuscript, we describe a biocompatible organic electrode system, comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microelectrode arrays on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, that can be used to regulate the neuron type, location, polarity, and outgrown length of neuron-like cells (PC-12). We fabricated a PEDOT microelectrode array with four different sizes (flat; 20, 50, and 100 ?m) through electrochemical polymerization. Extracellular matrix proteins absorbed well on these organic electrodes; cells absorbed selectively on the organic electrodes when we used polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide triblock copolymers (PEO/PPO/PEO, Pluronic™ F108) as the anti-adhesive coating. In this system, the neurite polarities and neuron types could be manipulated by varying the width of the PEDOT microelectrode arrays. On the unpatterned PEDOT electrode, PC-12 cells were randomly polarized, with approximately 80% having multi-polar cell types. In contrast, when we cultured PC-12 cells on the 20 ?m wide PEDOT line array, the neurites aligned along the direction of the organic electrodes, with the percentage of uni- and bipolar PC-12 cells increasing to greater than 90%. The outgrowth of neurites on the microelectrodes was promoted by ~60% with an applied electrical stimulation. Therefore, these electroactive PEDOT microelectrode arrays have potential for use in tissue engineering related to the development and regeneration of mammalian nervous systems.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    FAK100
    Product Catalog Name:
    Actin Cytoskeleton / Focal Adhesion Staining Kit (Actin Cytoskeleton / Focal Adhesion Staining Kit)

  • Persistent extracellular matrix remodelling at the interface to polymers used for hernia repair. 14593234

    On the one hand, recurrence rates and postoperative complications following hernia repair are supposed to be influenced by the kind of mesh material used. On the other hand, an impaired collagen metabolism and cleavage within connective tissue has been suggested as decisive factor in the pathogenesis of recurrent hernia formation. The aim of our study was, therefore, to analyze the impact of commonly used mesh materials on quality of collagen deposition, expression of collagenases (matrix metalloproteinases; MMP-1/MMP-13), and specific tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in an animal study. Four different mesh materials were used (Prolene = polypropylene, Mersilene = polyester, and Vypro and Vypro II = combinations of polypropylene and polyglactin) and implanted as abdominal wall replacement in 60 male Wistar rats. Mesh samples were explanted after 3, 21, and 90 days and investigated using immunohistochemistry (expression of MMP-1/MMP-13 and TIMP-1) and cross-polarization microscopy (percentage of collagen type III to overall collagen). Besides an insufficient collagen composition with an increased percentage of collagen type III, we found a complex expression of collagenases and their inhibitors combined with a persistent chronic foreign-body reaction even 90 days after implantation. Except for TIMP-1 expression, which was significantly related to a lowered amount of inflammatory (r = -0.980, p = 0.02) and connective tissue formation (r = -0.951, p = 0.049), there was no relation to the expression of collagenases (MMP-1/MMP-13) with regard to the amount of inflammatory and connective tissue formation despite partly significant differences between implanted polymers.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB8120

  • Analytical performance and clinical usefulness of a commercially available IRMA kit for measuring atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure. 8855146

    We evaluated the analytical characteristics and clinical usefulness of a commercially available IRMA kit for measuring plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in healthy subjects and in patients with heart failure. The method uses two monoclonal antibodies prepared against sterically remote epitopes of the ANP molecule; the first antibody is coated on the solid-phase beads, and the second is radiolabeled with 125I. Fifty-nine healthy subjects and 77 patients with heart failure were studied. After subjects had rested 20 min in a recumbent position, blood samples were collected from a brachial vein into ice-chilled disposable polypropylene tubes containing aprotinin and EDTA. Plasma samples were immediately separated by centrifugation and stored at -20 degrees C until assay. The working range (CV <15%) was 10-2000 ng/L. The detection limit (2.13 +/- 0.91 ng/L) was similar to those reported for other IRMAs but was much better than those of RIAs. For healthy subjects, the results of this method (18.0 +/- 10.6 ng/L, range 4.7-63 ng/L, median 16.7 ng/L, n = 59) were similar to those generally reported for the most accurate methods, i.e., those using preliminary extraction and chromatographic purification of plasma samples. Measured plasma ANP was significantly associated with the severity of clinical symptoms, i.e., NYHA class (ANOVA, P <0.0001), and with the left ventricular ejection fraction (n = 62, r = 0.618, P <0.0001). Patients with severe heart failure showed greatly increased values (NYHA III-IV: 257.4 +/- 196.6 ng/L, n = 23).
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    20-176
    Product Catalog Name:
    100X GTPγS, 10mM (100X GTPγS, 10mM)
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