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  • PSA-NCAM-dependent GDNF signaling limits neurodegeneration and epileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy. 20597970

    Polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a polysialylated protein constitutively expressed in the hippocampus, is involved in neuronal growth, synaptic plasticity and neurotrophin signaling. In particular, PSA-NCAM mediates Ret-independent glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling, leading to downstream FAK activation. GDNF has potent seizure-suppressant action, whereas PSA-NCAM is upregulated by seizure activity. However, the involvement of Ret-independent GDNF signaling in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is not established. We tested the effects of PSA-NCAM inactivation on neurodegeneration and epileptogenesis in a mouse model of TLE. In this model, unilateral intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA) injection induced degeneration of CA1, CA3c and hilar neurons, followed by spontaneous recurrent focal seizures. In the contralateral, morphologically preserved hippocampus, a long-lasting increase of PSA-NCAM immunoreactivity was observed. Inactivation of PSA-NCAM by endoneuraminidase (EndoN) administration into the contralateral ventricle of KA-treated mice caused severe degeneration of CA3a,b neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells in the epileptic focus, and led to early onset of focal seizures. This striking trans-hemispheric alteration suggested that PSA-NCAM mediates GDNF signaling, leading to transport of neuroprotective signals into the lesioned hippocampus. This hypothesis was confirmed by injecting GDNF antibodies into the contralateral hippocampus of KA-treated mice, thereby reproducing the enhanced neurodegeneration seen after PSA-NCAM inactivation. Furthermore, contralateral EndoN and anti-GDNF treatment decreased GDNF family receptor alpha1 immunoreactivity and FAK phosphorylation in the epileptic focus. Thus, Ret-independent GDNF signaling across the commissural projection might protect CA3a,b neurons and delay seizure onset. These findings implicate GDNF in the control of epileptogenesis and offer a possible mechanism explaining lesion asymmetry in mesial TLE.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB1513P
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Antibody (Anti-Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Antibody)
  • Dynamic features of postnatal subventricular zone cell motility: a two-photon time-lapse study. 17853439

    Neuroblasts migrate long distances in the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) and rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs. Many fundamental features of SVZ migration are still poorly understood, and we addressed several important questions using two-photon time-lapse microscopy of brain slices from postnatal and adult eGFP(+) transgenic mice. 1) Longitudinal arrays of neuroblasts, so-called chain migration, have never been dynamically visualized in situ. We found that neuroblasts expressing doublecortin-eGFP (Dcx-eGFP) and glutamic acid decarboxylase-eGFP (Gad-eGFP) remained within arrays, which maintained their shape for many hours, despite the fact that there was a wide variety of movement within arrays. 2) In the dorsal SVZ, neuroblasts migrated rostrocaudally as expected, but migration shifted to dorsoventral orientations throughout ventral regions of the lateral ventricle. 3) Whereas polarized bipolar morphology has been a gold standard for inferring migration in histologic sections, our data indicated that migratory morphology was not predictive of motility. 4) Is there local motility in addition to long distance migration? 5) How fast is SVZ migration? Unexpectedly, one-third of motile neuroblasts moved locally in complex exploratory patterns and at average speeds slower than long distance movement. 6) Finally, we tested, and disproved, the hypothesis that all motile cells in the SVZ express doublecortin, indicating that Dcx is not required for migration of all SVZ cell types. These data show that cell motility in the SVZ and RMS is far more complex then previously thought and involves multiple cell types, behaviors, speeds, and directions.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB5324
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Polysialic Acid-NCAM Antibody, clone 2-2B (Anti-Polysialic Acid-NCAM Antibody, clone 2-2B)
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