L4005
Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O55:B5
purified by trichloroacetic acid extraction
Synonym(s):
LPS
Product Name
Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O55:B5, purified by trichloroacetic acid extraction
biological source
Escherichia coli (O55:B5)
form
lyophilized powder
purified by
trichloroacetic acid extraction
impurities
1-10% Protein (Lowry)
color
white to yellow
solubility
water: soluble
shipped in
ambient
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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Application
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics.
General description
This product is TCA extracted from E. coli serotype O55:B5. The source strain is CDC 1644-70. The LPS O55:B5 has been used to stimulate human peritoneal macrophages at 1 ng/ml and to stimulate equine peritoneal macrophages at 1-100 ng/ml.
Other Notes
To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.
Preparation Note
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Oral
Storage Class
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
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A Fernandez-Bustamante et al.
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 183(2), 149-158 (2012-06-26)
The regional distribution of inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI) is not well known. In an ovine ALI model we studied regional alveolar inflammation, surfactant composition, and CT-derived regional specific volume change (sVol) and specific compliance (sC). 18 ventilated adult
O Schulz et al.
Mucosal immunology, 7(4), 892-904 (2013-12-19)
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a hallmark of localized infection. During the inflammatory response, massive changes in lymphocyte recirculation and turnover boost lymphoid organ cellularity. Intriguingly, the exact nature of these changes remains undefined to date. Here, we report that hypertrophy
Yu-Yuan Chen et al.
PloS one, 9(12), e115232-e115232 (2014-12-18)
Invertebrates rely on an innate immune system to combat invading pathogens. The system is initiated in the presence of cell wall components from microbes like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), β-1,3-glucan (βG) and peptidoglycan (PG), altogether known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), via
Xiao-Wen Lin et al.
PloS one, 8(6), e67633-e67633 (2013-06-27)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in the defense against invading pathogens by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in the induction and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such
Oscar Pizano-Martínez et al.
World journal of gastroenterology, 17(33), 3830-3835 (2011-10-12)
To demonstrate that CD14⁺ cells are an important source of the growth factor YKL-40 in acute and chronic liver damage. Rats were inoculated with one dose of CCl(4) to induce acute damage. Liver biopsies were obtained at 0, 6, 12
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