X4376
Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk
lyophilized powder, 0.4-1.0 units/mg protein
Synonym(s):
XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
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About This Item
CAS Number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352204
NACRES:
NA.54
EC Number:
232-657-6
MDL number:
EC Number:
1.17.3.2.
Product Name
Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk, lyophilized powder, 0.4-1.0 units/mg protein
biological source
bovine milk
form
lyophilized powder
specific activity
0.4-1.0 units/mg protein
mol wt
283 kDa
composition
Protein, 10.0-25.0%
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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Analysis Note
Protein determined by biuret
Application
Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk has been used as a source for superoxide generation. It has also been used as a model enzyme in the internally calibrated electrochemical continuous enzyme assay (ICECEA).
Biochem/physiol Actions
The isoflavanoid genistein was shown to inhibit xanthine oxidase at concentrations between 0.1-4.0 μM and then activate xanthine oxidase at concentrations higher than 5 μM.
Xanthine Oxidase acts as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress. It is also implicated in tissue and vascular injuries such as liver damage, inflammatory diseases and chronic heart failure.
Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that is found in the cytosol, and may be strongly inhibited by flavonoids. It plays a vital role in the metabolism of some drugs, as well as purines and pyrimidines. It is also known to be a biological source of reactive oxygen species.
General description
Formerly E.C. 1.1.3.22
Other Notes
One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.
Physical form
Contains 0.5% sodium salicylate.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
pcodes
Hazard Classifications
Resp. Sens. 1
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Massimiliano Magro et al.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 13(7) (2020-04-16)
Generally, enzyme immobilization on nanoparticles leads to nano-conjugates presenting partially preserved, or even absent, biological properties. Notwithstanding, recent research demonstrated that the coupling to nanomaterials can improve the activity of immobilized enzymes. Herein, xanthine oxidase (XO) was immobilized by self-assembly
Rapid electrochemical enzyme assay with enzyme-free calibration
Zhang M, et al.
Analytical Chemistry, 85(12), 6026-6032 (2013)
Resistance of postharvest biocontrol yeasts to oxidative stress: a possible new mechanism of action
Castoria R, et al.
Phytopathology, 93(5), 564-572 (2003)
Genistein effect on xanthine oxidase activity.
Sumbayev VV.
Food And Chemical Toxicology, 73, 39-43 (2001)
Rokshana Sharmin et al.
ACS sensors, 6(12), 4349-4359 (2021-11-20)
Free-radical generation is suspected to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Another crucial factor is shear stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS), which form the lining of blood vessels, require a physiological shear stress to activate many vasoactive
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