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Merck

470864

Bromine

≥99.99% trace metals basis

Synonym(s):

Dibromine

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
Br2
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
159.81
NACRES:
NA.22
PubChem Substance ID:
UNSPSC Code:
12352101
EC Number:
231-778-1
MDL number:
Assay:
≥99.5% (by Na2S2O3, titration)
≥99.99% trace metals basis
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Product Name

Bromine, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

InChI key

GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

1S/Br2/c1-2

SMILES string

BrBr

vapor density

7.14 (vs air)

vapor pressure

175 mmHg ( 20 °C)
671 mmHg ( 55 °C)

assay

≥99.5% (by Na2S2O3, titration)
≥99.99% trace metals basis

resistivity

7.8E18 μΩ-cm, 20°C

impurities

≤0.001% I2
≤0.001% S compounds
<100 ppm total metallic impurities

evapn. residue

≤0.005%

bp

58.8 °C (lit.)

mp

−7.2 °C (lit.)

density

3.119 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

anion traces

chloride (Cl-): ≤0.05%

cation traces

Ni: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals: ≤2 ppm

Quality Level

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Application

Bromine can be used as a brominating and oxidizing agent in chemical synthesis.
It can be used:
  • To brominate alkylbenzenes at the benzylic position using photocatalytic conditions.
  • To prepare brominated aromatic compounds by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts.
  • For the bromination of carbonyl compounds at a carbonyl group via Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction in the presence of phosphorus trihalides.
  • To prepare isocyanates, carbamates, or amines by reacting with primary amides in the presence of base via Hofmann rearrangement.

Other Notes

Contains organic bromine compounds

signalword

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Aquatic Acute 1 - Eye Dam. 1 - Skin Corr. 1A

Storage Class

6.1B - Non-combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

wgk

WGK 2

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Faceshields, Gloves, Goggles


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Bromine
Goehring RR
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Second Edition (2001)
Use of bromine and bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis
Saikia I, et al.
Chemical Reviews, 116, 6837-7042 (2016)
Jenny Rattfelt Nyholm et al.
The Science of the total environment, 443, 307-314 (2012-12-04)
The environmental occurrence of potentially emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) was investigated near suspected source zones in Norway, within seepage water, sewage waste water, sewage sludges, and sediments. Analyzed emerging BFRs included 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE)
Bromine-77 and iodine-123 radiopharmaceuticals.
G Stöcklin
The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes, 28(1-2), 131-147 (1977-01-01)
Teresa M Bisson et al.
Environmental science & technology, 46(21), 12186-12193 (2012-10-02)
Recent laboratory and field-scale experiments demonstrated the potential for brominated industrial solid waste from biomass combustion (Br-Ash) to be an efficient, cost-effective alternative to activated carbon for capturing mercury from coal-fired power plants. To develop this attractive alternative technology to

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