L6386
Lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella typhosa
purified by phenol extraction
Synonym(s):
Lactose synthase B protein, LPS
biological source
bacterial (Salmonella typhosa)
form
lyophilized powder
purified by
phenol extraction
impurities
<3% Protein (Lowry)
color
white to yellow cast
solubility
water: 4.90-5.10 mg/mL, faintly hazy to hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
shipped in
ambient
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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General description
This product is phenol extracted from Salmonella typhosa. The source strain is ATCC 10749.
Application
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics.
Preparation Note
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.
Other Notes
To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Oral
Storage Class
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
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Sebastian Steven et al.
British journal of pharmacology, 174(12), 1620-1632 (2016-07-21)
Excessive inflammation in sepsis causes microvascular thrombosis and thrombocytopenia associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. The present studies aimed to investigate whether inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and supplementation with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improved endotoxaemia-associated microvascular thrombosis
B D Forrest
Infection and immunity, 60(5), 2023-2029 (1992-05-01)
Intestinal fluid, saliva, circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and serum samples obtained from 81 human adult subjects who had been orally vaccinated with either Salmonella typhi Ty21a or one of its recombinant derivatives were examined to determine the value of
Yingjian Liang et al.
European journal of pharmacology, 833, 432-440 (2018-07-08)
Immune cell death caused by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), referred to as NETosis, can contribute to the pathogenesis of endotoxemia and organ damage. Although the mechanisms by which infection induces NETosis and how that leads to organ dysfunction remain largely
Satoshi Ohtake et al.
Vaccine, 29(15), 2761-2771 (2011-02-09)
Foam drying, a modified freeze drying process, was utilized to produce a heat-stable, live attenuated Salmonella Typhi 'Ty21a' bacterial vaccine. Ty21a vaccine was formulated with pharmaceutically approved stabilizers, including sugars, plasticizers, amino acids, and proteins. Growth media and harvesting conditions
Hanxiao Tu et al.
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 24(2), 1256-1267 (2019-12-07)
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease due to autoimmune system attacks hepatocytes and causes inflammation and fibrosis. Intracellular signalling and miRNA may play an important role in regulation of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the potential
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