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  • Neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia neurons is enhanced on aligned nanofibrous biopolymer scaffold with carbon nanotube coating. 21723372

    Nerve regeneration and functional recovery have been a major issue following injury of nerve tissues. Electrospun nanofibers are known to be suitable scaffolds for neural tissue engineering applications. In addition, modified substrates often provide better environments for neurite outgrowth. This study was conducted to determine if multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-coated electrospun poly (l-lactic acid-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers improved the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression of PC-12 cells. To accomplish this, the DRG neurons in either uncoated PLCL scaffolds (PLCL group) or MWCNTs-coated PLCL scaffolds (PLCL/CNT group) were cultured for nine days. MWCNTs-coated PLCL scaffolds showed improved neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons. Moreover, FAK expression was up-regulated in the PLCL/CNT group when compared to the PLCL group in a non-time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that MWCNTs-coated nanofibrous scaffolds may be alternative materials for nerve regeneration and functional recovery in neural tissue engineering.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    GF028

  • Gastric intestinal metaplasia as detected by a monoclonal antibody is highly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. 12740335

    Some forms of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) may be precancerous but the cellular phenotype that predisposes to gastric carcinogenesis is not well characterised. Mucin staining, as a means of differentiating GIM, is difficult. A monoclonal antibody, mAb Das-1 (initially called 7E(12)H(12)), whose staining is phenotypically specific to colon epithelium, was used to investigate this issue.Using mAb Das-1, by a sensitive immunoperoxidase assay, we examined histologically confirmed GIM specimens from two countries, the USA and Japan. A total of 150 patients comprised three groups: group A, GIM (fields away from the cancer area) from patients with gastric carcinoma (n=60); group B, GIM with chronic gastritis (without gastric carcinoma) (n=72); and group C, chronic gastritis without GIM (n=18).Fifty six of 60 (93%) patients with GIM (both goblet and non-goblet metaplastic cells) from group A reacted intensely with mAb Das-1. Cancer areas from the same 56 patients also reacted. In contrast, 25/72 (35%) samples of GIM from patients in group B reacted with mAb Das-1 (group A v B, p<0.0001). None of the samples from group C reacted with the mAb.Reactivity of mAb Das-1 is clinically useful to simplify and differentiate the phenotypes of GIM. The colonic phenotype of GIM, as identified by mAb Das-1, is strongly associated with gastric carcinoma.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MABC530
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-CEP Antibody, clone Das-1 (7E12H12)

  • Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on the histology and cellular phenotype of gastric intestinal metaplasia. 18321787

    Eradication of Helicobacter pylori appears to reduce gastric cancer incidence. We examined the effect of successful H pylori therapy on histology, phenotype of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) (complete vs incomplete), and expression of several biomarkers related to carcinogenesis.Ninety-six H pylori-positive patients from Japan were treated successfully and followed up prospectively over 4 years with yearly endoscopy and were classified into 3 groups: group CG, chronic gastritis without GIM (n = 36); group IM, chronic gastritis with GIM (n = 33); group DYS, and GIM with dysplasia/cancer in a different location of the stomach (n = 27). A total of 288 endoscopic procedures were performed. Histology, mucin-histochemistry, and immunoperoxidase assays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cell phenotype (monoclonal antibody Das-1/colonic) and for neoplasia (TC22 and p53) were performed.The GIM histologic score was higher in group DYS than in group IM (P < .05) and group CG (P < .0001). The GIM scores did not change in groups IM and DYS over 4 years. mAb Das-1 reactivity was higher in group DYS (63%) than in group IM (39%) and group GC (0%). After eradication of H pylori, mAb Das-1 reactivity disappeared in 40% of patients (P < .0001) despite the unchanged GIM scores, and regression of TC22-4 was noted in the same patients.H pylori eradication does not reduce the histologic GIM score, but changes the cellular phenotype of GIM. This change of phenotype may be an important factor in the reduction of cancer incidence after eradication of H pylori.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MABC534
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-TPM3 Antibody, isoform TC22, clone TC22-4

  • Growth hormone reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a patient with adult growth hormone deficiency. 17324404

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an emerging progressive hepatic disease and demonstrates steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Insulin resistance is a common feature in the development of NASH. Molecular pathogenesis of NASH consists of 2 steps: triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes with insulin resistance and an enhanced oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, NASH demonstrates a striking similarity to the pathologic conditions observed in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD). AGHD is characterized by decreased lean body mass, increased visceral adiposity, abnormal lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, liver dysfunctions with hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are frequently observed in patients with AGHD, and it is accompanied by metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We studied a case diagnosed as NASH with hyperlipidemia in AGHD. The effect of GH-replacement therapy on the patient was analyzed. RESULTS: Six months of GH-replacement therapy in the patient drastically ameliorated NASH and the abnormal lipid profile concomitant with a marked reduction in oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GH plays an essential role in the metabolic and redox regulation in the liver.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB5404
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Nitrotyrosine Antibody, clone 2A8.2

  • Transient expression of keratin during neuronal development in the adult rabbit spinal ganglion. 19629632

    A few neurons of the adult rabbit spinal ganglion express keratin. To examine the characters of these keratin-positive neurons, six kinds of intermediate filament proteins, namely keratin 8, keratin 14, nestin, vimentin, neurofilament 68 (NF-L) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were investigated immunohistochemically in developing and adult rabbit spinal ganglia. At 15 days of gestation, the spinal ganglion increased rapidly in volume and mainly consisted of three kinds of cells: small cells expressing vimentin, spindle-shaped cells co-expressing vimentin and nestin, and ovoid cells with an eccentric nucleus expressing nestin. Since some ovoid cells co-expressed nestin with either NF-L or GFAP, the ovoid cell may be considered to be an embryonic neural stem cell of the ganglion. In addition, a few keratin-positive polymorphic cells could be observed among these three kinds of cells. These polymorphic cells expressed five kinds of intermediate filament proteins, namely keratin 8, keratin 14, nestin, NF-L and GFAP. These cells were also detected in newborn and adult ganglia. A few neurons in the adult ganglion also expressed these five kinds of proteins as a Golgi-associated network. However, neurons expressing these proteins could not be detected in embryonic and newborn ganglia. Therefore, it may be considered that the keratin-positive polymorphic cell is a postnatal neural stem cell of the ganglion and that neurons transiently express keratin when polymorphic cells differentiate into neurons.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB5326
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Nestin Antibody, clone 10C2

  • Discharge properties of presumed cholinergic and noncholinergic laterodorsal tegmental neurons related to cortical activation in non-anesthetized mice. 22917614

    We have recorded, for the first time, in non-anesthetized, head-restrained mice, a total of 339 single units in and around the laterodorsal (LDT) and sublaterodorsal (SubLDT) tegmental nuclei, which are located, respectively, in, or beneath, the periaqueductal gray and contain cholinergic neurons. The recordings were made during the complete wake-sleep cycle including wakefulness (W), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical (or rapid eye movement) sleep (PS). The tegmental neurons displayed either a biphasic narrow or triphasic broad action potential. Seventy-six LDT or SubLDT neurons characterized by their triphasic long-duration action potentials were judged to be cholinergic and this was verified in anesthetized mice using neurobiotin juxtacellular labeling combined with choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry of the recorded cell. The 76 presumed cholinergic neurons discharged tonically at the highest rate during W and PS (W/PS-active neurons) as either single isolated spikes or clusters of two to five spikes, and 26 of them discharged selectively during W and PS, these W/PS-selective neurons being found mainly in the SubLDT. The clustering discharge was particularly prominent during PS, when it was associated with an obvious phasic change in the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), and during waking periods, when it was accompanied by abrupt body movements. During the transition from sleep to waking, the cholinergic W/PS-selective neurons and the LDT or SubLDT noncholinergic W-selective neurons showed firing before the onset of W, while, at the transition from waking to sleep, they ceased firing before sleep onset. At the transition from SWS to PS, all the cholinergic neurons exhibited a significant increase in discharge rate before the onset of PS. The present study in mice supports the view that cholinergic and noncholinergic LDT and SubLDT neurons play an important role in tonic and phasic processes of arousal and cortical EEG activation occurring during W or PS, as well as in the sleep/waking switch.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB318
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody, clone LNC1

  • Animal model analysis of genetic (co)variances for growth traits in Japanese quail. 7877938

    Records of 1,530 Japanese quail were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations based on a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method with an animal model and ANOVA. The animal model included fixed effects of hatch and sex, random effects of additive genetic value of the bird, and common environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities estimated from REML for body weights at hatch, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of age were .38, .12, .31, .12, and .44, respectively. Heritabilities estimates from the sire component of variance for the same traits were .57, .08, .28, .15, and .47. These values indicate that genetic progress can be made by selecting for either 14-d or 28-d body weight. Genetic correlation (REML) of .76 between body weights at 14 and 28 d of age indicates the possibility of improving body weight at 28 d of age by selecting for body weight at 14 d of age.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB1430
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Collagen Type IV Antibody, clone 24.12.8 (PHM-12)

  • Worldwide distribution and broader clinical spectrum of muscle-eye-brain disease. 12588800

    Muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), an autosomal recessive disorder prevalent in Finland, is characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy, brain malformation and ocular abnormalities. Since the MEB phenotype overlaps substantially with those of Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), these three diseases are thought to result from a similar pathomechanism. Recently, we showed that MEB is caused by mutations in the protein O-linked mannose beta1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) gene. We describe here the identification of seven novel disease-causing mutations in six of not only non-Finnish Caucasian but also Japanese and Korean patients with suspected MEB, severe FCMD or WWS. Including six previously reported mutations, the 13 disease-causing mutations we have found thus far are dispersed throughout the entire POMGnT1 gene. We also observed a slight correlation between the location of the mutation and clinical severity in the brain: patients with mutations near the 5' terminus of the POMGnT1 coding region show relatively severe brain symptoms such as hydrocephalus, while patients with mutations near the 3' terminus have milder phenotypes. Our results indicate that MEB may exist in population groups outside of Finland, with a worldwide distribution beyond our expectations, and that the clinical spectrum of MEB is broader than recognized previously. These findings emphasize the importance of considering MEB and searching for POMGnT1 mutations in WWS or other congenital muscular dystrophy patients worldwide.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    05-298
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-α-Dystroglycan Antibody, clone VIA4-1

  • Fos expression in monoaminergic cell groups in response to sociosexual interactions in male and female Japanese quail. 24512065

    Monoaminergic neurotransmitters regulate different components of sexual behaviors, but how the different monoaminergic cell groups selectively regulate these behaviors is not well understood. We examined the potential contribution of these different cell groups in the control of different aspects of sexual behaviors in male and female quail. We used double-label immunohistochemistry, labeling the protein product of the immediate early gene, Fos, along with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), markers for catecholaminergic or indolaminergic cells, respectively. Rhythmic Cloacal Sphincter Movements (RCSM) were recorded as a measure of male appetitive sexual behavior. Consummatory sexual behaviors were evaluated based on the species-typical copulation sequence. Enhanced Fos expression in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was observed in association with both physical and visual contact to the opposite sex for males, but not for females. Fos induction associated with physical contact was observed in the ventral tegmental area and anterior periaqueductal gray in both sexes. In males only, the number of Fos-immunoreactive (ir) cells increased in the visual contact condition in these 2 dopaminergic cell groups, however no significant effect was observed for double-labeled TH-Fos-ir cells. In addition, consummatory but not appetitive sexual behavior increased Fos expression in TPH-ir cells in the raphe pallidus of males. This increase following physical but not visual contact agrees with the notion that activation of the serotoninergic system is implicated in the development of sexual satiation but not activated by simply viewing a female, in contrast to the dopaminergic system.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB938

  • Calpain 3 gene mutations: genetic and clinico-pathologic findings in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 11525884

    Mutations in the calpain 3 gene have been proven to be responsible for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 2A. To determine the incidence and genotypes of the calpain 3 (p94) gene mutations in Japanese LGMD patients, we sequenced the gene in 80 patients with clinical characteristics of autosomal recessive or sporadic LGMD. We identified 13 distinct pathogenic mutations in 21 patients (26%), including seven missense mutations, four splice-site mutations and two insertions in which six were novel mutations. Among the 21 patients, 15 (71%) had three types of the common missense (G233V, R461C, D707G) and one insertion (1795-1796insA) mutation. The patients had slowly progressive muscle weakness with age of onset of the disease varying from 6 to 52 years, averaging 20.9. The most striking pathologic findings were the presence of lobulated fibers in 14 patients, especially in the advanced stages. Differing from Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, opaque (hypercontracted) fibers were very rarely seen. These findings may be helpful in establishing diagnostic screening strategies in Japanese LGMD patients.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB1922
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Laminin α2 Antibody, clone 5H2