Anti-MSX1/2 Antibody, clone 4G1

Homeobox protein MSX-2 (UniProt: P28362; also known as Homeobox protein Hox-8, CHOX-8, GHox-8) is encoded by the MSX2 (also known as HOX8) gene (Gene ID: 395245) in chicken. MSX2 acts as a transcriptional regulator in bone development and was first identified in craniofacial bone and human femoral osteoblasts. It is a homeodomain transcription factor and has a small DNA binding region (aa 134-193). MSX2 is predominantly localized in the nucleus, essential for its role in gene regulation. Its expressed in multiple tissues with notable expression in craniofacial mesenchyme, limb buds and neural crest cells. The expression pattern of MSX2 is tightly regulated and often overlaps with other MSX family members, indicating a complex regulatory network during development. It has a morphogenetic role and is involved in the shaping of structures during embryonic development. MSX2 regulates the differentiation and proliferation of cells, particularly in the craniofacial region, limbs, and neural crest cells. Genetic studies show that Msx2 and Dlx5 homeodomain (HD) proteins support skeletal development. Mutations or dysregulation of MSX2 can lead to several developmental anomalies and diseases: Craniosynostosis, Cleft palate and other craniofacial defects and limb malformations. While less studied in chickens, MSX2 has been implicated in cancer progression in humans, suggesting potential roles in tumorigenesis. Studies show that the MSX2-SOX2 signaling pathway plays a significant role in maintaining cancer stem cells, which are the origin of malignancy, leading to unfavorable outcomes in several carcinomas. (Ref.: Hassan, M.Q., et al. (2004). Mol Cell Biol. 24(20):9248-61; Roybon, L., et al. (2008). J Neurosci. 28(14):3644-56; Ko, H.W., et al. (2009). Methods Cell Biol. 93:347-69; Martinez-Morales, P.L., et al. (2011). J Cell Biol. 194(3):489-503; Thier, M.C., et al. (2019). Cell Stem Cell. 24(1):166-182.e13; Prasad, M.S., et al. (2020). Dev Biol. 458(1):64-74); Keyimu. R., et al. (2021). Exp Biol Med. 246(24): 2660 2670).

Full Length, recombinant chicken MSX2.

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Western Blotting in Jurkat cell lysate.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:125 dilution of this antibody detected Homeobox protein MSX1/MSX2 in Jurkat cell lysate.

Tested Applications

Immunohistochemistry Application: A representative lot detected MSX1/2 in Immunohistochemistry application (Ko, H.W., et al. (2009). Methods Cell Biol. 93:347-69; Martinez-Morales, P.L., et al. (2011). J Cell Biol. 194(3): 489-503; Prasad, M.S., et al. (2020). Dev Biol. 458(1): 64-74).

Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected MSX1/2 in Immunofluorescence application (Ko, H.W., et al. (2009). Methods Cell Biol. 93:347-69; Martinez-Morales, P.L., et al. (2011). J Cell Biol. 194(3): 489-503; Thier, M.C., et al. (2019). Cell Stem Cell. 24(1): 166-182.e13).

Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected MSX1/2 in Immunocytochemistry application (Roybon, L., et al. (2008). J Neurosci. 28(14): 3644-56).

Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected MSX1/2 in Western Blotting application (Hassan, M.Q., et al. (2004). Mol Cell Biol. 24(20): 9248-61).

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.

Clone 4G1 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Homeobox protein MSX2. This clone is also reactive to MSX1 (UniProt: P28361).

Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.

0.5 mg/mL. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.

Recommended storage: +2°C to +8°C.

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.