Millipore Sigma Vibrant Logo
 

122996-47-8


98 Results Gelişmiş Arama  
Showing
Products (0)
Dokümanlar (98)
Site Content (0)

Sonuçlarınızı Daraltın Use the filters below to refine your search

Aradığınızı Bulamadınız mı?
Müşteri Hizmetleri ile
İletişime Geçin

 
MilliporeSigma Documents

Doküman ararken yardıma ihtiyacınız var mı?
  • Analiz sertifikaları, Kalite Sertifikaları veya Güvenlik Bilgi Formlarını aramak için Doküman Arayıcı’yı kullanmayı deneyin.
     
  • Kullanım Kılavuzlarına erişmek için yardıma ihtiyacınız olur ise Müşteri Hizmetleri ile iletişime geçebilirsiniz.

  • Migration of brain tumor cells on extracellular matrix proteins in vitro correlates with tumor type and grade and involves alphaV and beta1 integrins. 8620517

    An important contributor to the malignancy of brain tumors is their ability to infiltrate the brain. Extracellular matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules on cell surfaces play key roles in cell migration. In the present study, we used reaggregates of dissociated cells from freshly excised human brain tumors to analyze the migration of cells from human brain tumors of different types and grades on many different adhesion proteins adsorbed to glass substrates. Proteins were chosen based on their presence in normal or neoplastic nervous tissue, and included the extra-cellular matrix molecules fibronectin, collagens, fibrinogen, laminin, tenascin-C, thrombospondin, and the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM. Cells from astrocytomas (n = 24) migrated on a variety of substrates, in contrast to cells from primitive neuroectodermal tumors cells (n=6), which only migrated well on laminin, fibronectin, or type IV collagen but not on the other substrates. Typically, migrating cells from astrocytomas of all grades had long, slender processes, were usually bipolar, and their cell bodies did not spread well on any substrate. Although there was variability in the migration of cells from astrocytomas of the same grade, cells from high-grade astrocytomas tended to migrate more extensively (42.3 +/- 4.7 micrometers/16 h: n = 16) than cells from lower grade astrocytomas (28.9 +/- 3.9 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.07; n = 8); the most striking differences were observed for collagen substrates, on which cells from lower grade astrocytomas migrated at very low levels (7.6 +/- 2 .6 micrometers/16 h) and cells from high-grade astrocytomas at higher levels (24.4 +/- 5.2 micrometers;P = 0.01). In contrast to primary cells from glioblastomas (n = 13), glioblastoma cell lines (n = 10) consistently spread on various substrates and migrated at high levels (69.5 +/- 7.6 versus 46.4 +/-5.7 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.03), in particular, on collagens (108.4 +/- 20.2 versus 28.0 +/- 6.1 micrometers/16 h; P= 0.001). Specific monoclonal antibodies to alphaV and beta1 integrin monomers completely inhibited the migration of astrocytoma cells on most substrates, suggesting that alphaV and beta1 integrins play a crucial role in brain tumor infiltration. These studies also suggest that although a large number of extracellular matrix molecules may promote tumor cell migration, disrupting the function of only a few tumor cell receptors may be critical for tumor infiltration in the brain.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB1980

  • Schwann cell nuclear remodelling and formation of nuclear and coiled bodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome. 8891071

    We have examined the reorganization of the cell nucleus in myelin-related Schwann cells (SCs) in a case of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Spinal root samples of the GBS case and human controls were processed for light and electron microscopy. The cytochemical EDTA method for ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and a specific silver staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions were used on ultrathin sections. In SCs of the GBS case, we observed a significant increase in nuclear size (64.99 +/- 10.47 microns 2 in the GBS vs 35.07 +/- 8.74 microns 2 in the controls, mean +/- SD) accompanying partial decondensation of heterochromatin domains and elaboration of an extensive network of RNP-containing perichromatin fibrils. In addition, the formation of two types of nuclear structures, coiled bodies and nuclear bodies of Bouteille, was induced in SCs of the case of acute GBS. Free coiled bodies were observed in the nucleoplasm and were characteristically stained with both RNP and silver procedures. Typical "simple" and "complex" nuclear bodies were regularly found, sometimes in association with coiled bodies. On the basis of cell nucleus physiology, all of these changes are considered cytological indicators of enhanced transcription and cellular hyperactivity, and they seem to reflect a reactive response of SCs triggered by the constellation of cellular and humoral signals associated with acute GBS.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    AB947
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Apolipoprotein E Antibody

  • Dystroglycan in the cerebellum is a laminin alpha 2-chain binding protein at the glial-vascular interface and is expressed in Purkinje cells. 8996823

    Dystroglycan is a core component of the dystrophin receptor complex in skeletal muscle which links the extracellular matrix to the muscle cytoskeleton. Dystrophin, dystrophin-related protein (DRP, utrophin) and dystroglycan are present not only in muscles but also in the brain. Dystrophin is expressed in certain neuronal populations while DRP is associated with perivascular astrocytes. To gain insights into the function and molecular interactions of dystroglycan in the brain, we examined the localization of alpha- and beta-dystroglycan at the cellular and subcellular levels in the rat cerebellum. In blood vessels, we find alpha-dystroglycan associated with the laminin alpha 2-chain-rich parenchymal vascular basement membrane and beta-dystroglycan associated with the endfeet of perivascular astrocytes. We also show that alpha-dystroglycan purified from the brain binds alpha 2-chain-containing laminin-2. These observations suggest a dystroglycan-mediated linkage between DRP in perivascular astrocytic endfeet and laminin-2 in the parenchymal basement membrane similar to that described in skeletal muscle. This linkage of the astrocytic endfeet to the vascular basement membrane is likely to be important for blood vessel formation and stabilization and for maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. In addition to blood vessel labelling, we show that alpha-dystroglycan in the rat cerebellum is associated with the surface of Purkinje cell bodies, dendrites and dendritic spines. Dystrophin has previously been localized to the inner surface of the plasma membrane of Purkinje cells and is enriched at postsynaptic sites. Thus, the present results also support the hypothesis that dystrophin interacts with dystroglycan in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    05-593
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-α-Dystroglycan Antibody, clone IIH6C4

  • P2X4: an ATP-activated ionotropic receptor cloned from rat brain. 8622997

    Extracellular ATP exerts pronounced biological actions in virtually every organ or tissue that has been studied. In the central and peripheral nervous system, ATP acts as a fast excitatory transmitter in certain synaptic pathways [Evans, R.J., Derkach, V. & Surprenant, A. (1992) Nature (London) 357, 503-505; Edwards, F.A., Gigg, A.J. & Colquhoun, D. (1992) Nature (London) 359, 144-147]. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of complementary DNA from rat brain, encoding an additional member (P2X4) of the emerging multigenic family of ligand-gated ATP channels, the P2X receptors. Expression in Xenopus oocytes gives an ATP-activated cation-selective channel that is highly permeable to Ca2+ and whose sensitivity is modulated by extracellular Zn2+. Surprisingly, the current elicited by ATP is almost insensitive to the common P2X antagonist suramin. In situ hybridization reveals the expression of P2X4 mRNA in central nervous system neurons. Northern blot and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrate a wide distribution of P2X4 transcripts in various tissues, including blood vessels and leukocytes. This suggests that the P2X4 receptor might mediate not only ATP-dependent synaptic transmission in the central nervous system but also a wide repertoire of biological responses in diverse tissues.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple

  • Enhanced glucose cycling and suppressed de novo synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate result in a net unchanged hepatic glucose output in ob/ob mice. 15599701

    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic; however, the cause of hyperglycaemia remains largely unknown. METHODS: Glucose metabolism in vivo in 9-h fasted ob/ob mice and lean littermates was studied by infusing [U-(13)C]-glucose, [2-(13)C]-glycerol, [1-(2)H]-galactose and paracetamol for 6 h, applying mass isotopomer distribution analysis on blood glucose and urinary paracetamol-glucuronide. RESULTS: When expressed on the basis of body weight, endogenous glucose production (109+/-23 vs 152+/-27 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), obese versus lean mice, p0.01) and de novo synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate (122+/-13 vs 160+/-6 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), obese versus lean mice, p0.001) were lower in ob/ob mice than in lean littermates. In contrast, glucose cycling was greatly increased in obese mice (56+/-13 vs 26+/-4 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), obese versus lean mice, p0.001). As a result, total hepatic glucose output remained unaffected (165+/-31 vs 178+/-28 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), obese vs lean mice, NS). The metabolic clearance rate of glucose was significantly lower in obese mice (8+/-2 vs 18+/-2 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), obese versus lean mice, p0.001). Hepatic mRNA levels of genes encoding for glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were markedly increased in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Unaffected total hepatic glucose output in the presence of hyperinsulinaemia reflects hepatic insulin resistance in ob/ob mice, which is associated with markedly increased rates of glucose cycling. Hyperglycaemia in ob/ob mice primarily results from a decreased metabolic clearance rate of glucose.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    RI-13K
    Product Catalog Name:
    Rat Insulin RIA

  • Anti-RUNX2, clone AS110 - 2299609

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    2299609
    Product Catalog Number:
    05-1478
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-RUNX2 Antibody, clone AS110

  • Characterization of long-term mouse brain aggregating cultures: evidence for maintenance of neural precursor cells. 15164425

    An extensive characterization of fetal mouse brain cell aggregates has been performed using immunohistochemical and stereological methods. Single cell suspensions from mechanically dissociated cortex and hippocampus were cultured in serum-free, B27-supplemented medium under constant gyratory agitation for up to 56 days. Three-dimensional aggregates started to form immediately after seeding and reached a final average size of 500 microm in diameter. Among the cell types identified, neurons were the most abundant cells in the aggregates, followed by astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Western blotting for synaptophysin and immunostaining for neurotransmitter-related molecules indicated the presence of well-defined phenotypic characteristics of the neurons in this culture system, suggesting functionality. Proliferating cells, many with neural precursor cell properties, were seen throughout the culture period and could be isolated from the aggregates even after 2 months in culture. Neural precursor cells were isolated from the aggregates after more than 1 month in culture; these cells were successfully differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The aggregate culture system may provide a versatile tool for molecular dissection of processes identified in mouse models, including transgenic animals and manipulation of neural precursor cells.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB326R
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-CNPase Antibody, clone 11-5B

  • High levels of a major histocompatibility complex II-self peptide complex on dendritic cells from the T cell areas of lymph nodes. 9271582

    T lymphocytes recirculate continually through the T cell areas of peripheral lymph nodes. During each passage, the T cells survey the surface of large dendritic cells (DCs), also known as interdigitating cells. However, these DCs have been difficult to release from the lymph node. By emphasizing the use of calcium-free media, as shown by Vremec et al. (Vremec, D., M. Zorbas, R. Scollay, D.J. Saunders, C.F. Ardavin, L. Wu, and K. Shortman. 1992. J. Exp. Med. 176:47-58.), we have been able to release and enrich DCs from the T cell areas. The DCs express the CD11c leukocyte integrin, the DEC-205 multilectin receptor for antigen presentation, the intracellular granule antigens which are recognized by monoclonal antibodies M342, 2A1, and MIDC-8, very high levels of MHC I and MHC II, and abundant accessory molecules such as CD40, CD54, and CD86. When examined with the Y-Ae monoclonal which recognizes complexes formed between I-Ab and a peptide derived from I-Ealpha, the T cell area DCs expressed the highest levels. The enriched DCs also stimulated a T-T hybridoma specific for this MHC II-peptide complex, and the hybridoma underwent apoptosis. Therefore DCs within the T cell areas can be isolated. Because they present very high levels of self peptides, these DCs should be considered in the regulation of self reactivity in the periphery.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB2221

  • A100-AG-12299

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Quality
    Lot Number:
    AG-12299
    Product Catalog Number:
    A100
    Product Catalog Name:
    NovaSeptum Crimping tool

  • Comparison of molecular strategies for breast cancer virotherapy using oncolytic adenovirus. 18710328

    Oncolytic viruses are regulated by the tumor phenotype to replicate and lyse cancer cells selectively. To identify optimal strategies for breast cancer we compared five adenoviruses with distinct regulatory mechanisms: Ad-dl922-947 (targets G1-S checkpoint); Ad-Onyx-015 and Ad-Onyx-017 (target p53/mRNA export); Ad-vKH1 (targets Wnt pathway), and AdEHE2F (targets estrogen receptor/G1-S checkpoint/hypoxic signaling). The quantity of virus required to kill 50% of breast cancer cells after 6 days (EC(50), plaque-forming units per cell) was measured. The most potent virus was Ad-dl922-947 (EC(50), 0.01-5.4 in SkBr3, MDA-231, MDA-468, MCF7, and ZR75.1 cells), followed by wild-type (Ad-WT; EC(50), 0.3-5.5) and AdEHE2F (EC(50), 1.4-3.9). Ad-vKH1 (EC(50), 7.2-72.1), Ad-Onyx-017 (EC(50), 8.4-167), and Ad-Onyx-015 (EC(50), 17.7-377) showed less activity. Most viruses showed limited cytotoxicity in normal human cells, including breast epithelium MCF10A (EC(50), 722) and fibroblasts (EC(50), 192) and only moderate cytotoxicity in normal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs; EC(50), 42.8-149), except Ad-dl922-947, which was active in HMVECs (EC(50), 1.6). After injection into MDA-231 xenografts, Ad-WT, AdEHE2F, and Ad-dl922-947 showed replication, assessed by hexon staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurement of viral DNA, and significantly inhibited tumor growth, leading to extended survival. After intravenous injection Ad-dl922-947 showed DNA replication (233% of the injected dose was measured in liver after 3 days) whereas AdEHE2F did not. Overall, AdEHE2F showed the best combination of low toxicity in normal cells and high activity in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that molecular targeting using estrogen response elements, hypoxia response elements, and a dysregulated G1-S checkpoint is a promising strategy for virotherapy of breast cancer.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB805
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Adenovirus (Blend) Coating Antibody, clone 2/6, and 20/11