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  • Certificate of Analysis 233624_3811717

    Document Type:
    Certificate of Analysis
    Lot Number:
    3811717
    Product Catalog Number:
    233624
    Product Catalog Name:
    Cryptocrome Activator, KL001 - CAS 309928-48-1 - Calbiochem

  • Combined efficacy of nisin and pediocin with sodium lactate, citric acid, phytic acid, and potassium sorbate and EDTA in reducing the Listeria monocytogenes population of ... 16013374

    The inability of chlorine to completely inactivate human bacterial pathogens on whole and fresh-cut produce suggests a need for other antimicrobial washing treatments. Nisin (50 microg/ml) and pediocin (100 AU/ml) individually or in combination with sodium lactate (2%), potassium sorbate (0.02%), phytic acid (0.02%), and citric acid (10 mM) were tested as possible sanitizer treatments for reducing the population of Listeria monocytogenes on cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts. Cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes at 4.61, 4.34, and 4.67 log CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated produce was left at room temperature (25 degrees C) for up to 4 h before antimicrobial treatment. Washing treatments were applied to inoculated produce for 1 min, and surviving bacterial populations were determined. When tested alone, all compounds resulted in 2.20- to 4.35-log reductions of L. monocytogenes on mung bean, cabbage, and broccoli, respectively. The combination treatments nisin-phytic acid and nisin-pediocin-phytic acid caused significant (P < 0.05) reductions of L. monocytogenes on cabbage and broccoli but not on mung bean sprouts. Pediocin treatment alone or in combination with any of the organic acid tested was more effective in reducing L. monocytogenes populations than the nisin treatment alone. Although none of the combination treatments completely eliminated the pathogen on the produce, the results suggest that some of the treatments evaluated in this study can be used to improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    04-409

  • Cellular assessment of muscle in COPD: case studies of two males. 20360908

    The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent developments in muscle physiology and biochemistry in general, and with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) specifically. As a way of illustration, we have presented data on the remodeling that occurs in vastus lateralis in two patients with COPD (COPD #1, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity [FEV(1)/FVC] = 63%; COPD #2, FEV(1)/FVC = 41%) exhibiting differences in muscle wasting as compared to healthy controls (CON; FEV(1)/FVC = 111 +/- 2.2%, n = 4). Type I fibers percentages were lower in both COPD #1 (16.7) and COPD #2 (24.9) compared to CON (57.3 +/- 5.2). Cross sectional area of the type I fibers of the patients ranged between 65%-68% of CON and for the type II subtypes (IIA, IIAX, IIX) between 74% and 89% (COPD #1) and 17%-32% (COPD #2). A lower number of capillary contacts were observed for all fiber types in COPD #1 but not COPD #2. Lower concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (24%-26%) and phosphocreatine (18%-20%), but not lactate occurred in COPD. In contrast to COPD #1, who displayed normal glucose transporter content, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were only 71% and 54%, respectively of CON in COPD #2. Lower monocarboxylate contents were found for MCT1 in both COPD #1 (63%) and COPD #2 (41%) and for MCT4 (78%) in COPD #1. Maximal oxidative enzyme activities (V(max)) for COPD #2 ranged between 37% (succinic dehydrogenase) and 70% (cytochrome C oxidase) of CON. For the cytosolic enzymes, V(max) ranged between 89% (hexokinase) to 31% (pyruvate kinase) of CON. Depressions were also observed in V(max) of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase for COPD #1 (66% of CON) but not COPD #2 (92% of CON) while V(max) of the Ca(2+)-ATPase was near normal in COPD #1 (84% CON). It is concluded that disturbances can occur in muscle to a wide range of excitation, contraction and metabolic processes in COPD.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple

  • On the species specificity of the interaction of LFA-1 with intercellular adhesion molecules. 2199576

    Species restrictions in immune cell interactions have been demonstrated both in Ag-specific responses of T lymphocytes and the phenomenon of natural attachment. To determine the possible contribution of adhesion receptors to these restrictions, we have studied binding between the murine and human homologues of LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and ICAM employing purified human LFA-1 and ICAM-1 (CD54) bound to solid substrates. Murine cell lines bind to purified human LFA-1 through ICAM-1 and at least one other counter-receptor. This provides evidence for multiple counter-receptors for LFA-1 in the mouse as well as in the human. In contrast to binding of murine ICAM-1 to human LFA-1, murine LFA-1 does not bind to human ICAM-1. The species specificity maps to the LFA-1 alpha subunit, because mouse x human hybrid cells expressing the human alpha subunit associated with a mouse beta subunit bind to human ICAM-1, whereas those with a human beta subunit associated with a murine alpha subunit do not. Increased adhesiveness for ICAM-1 stimulated by phorbol esters could be demonstrated for hybrid LFA-1 molecules with human alpha and murine beta subunits.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB1397Z
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-ICAM-1 Antibody, clone 3E2B, Azide Free

  • The role of hyperglycemia in FAT/CD36 expression and function. 16838191

    FAT/CD36 is a long-chain fatty acid transporter and scavenger receptor for oxidized LDL. Defects in FAT/CD36 have been linked to the hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. Expression of FAT/CD36 was reported increase in type 1 diabetes; however, it remains unclear whether serum glucose or insulin plays an important role in this regulation. To elucidate the individual contribution of plasma glucose and insulin in the regulation of FAT/CD36 mRNA expression, we induced type 1 diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin (STZ) and compared traditional insulin treatment with administration of the orally absorbed chemical agent vanadate, which reduces blood glucose levels via mechanisms that bypass insulin receptor action. STZ-exposed animals showed significant decreases in body weight (285.5 +/- 2.8 vs. 233.1 +/- 3.5 g, P 0.001) and serum insulin levels (9.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6 microU/ml, P 0.05), accompanied by significant increases in blood glucose (71 +/- 3 vs. 433 +/- 11 mg/dl, P 0.001), water intake (38.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 205.9 +/- 3.3 ml/day, P 0.001) and food intake (22.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 36.9 +/- 1.0 g/day, P 0.001). Diabetic animals demonstrated significant increases in FAT/CD36 mRNA levels in duodenum (2.2-fold), jejunum (1.8-fold), ileum (1.5-fold), adipose tissue (1.7-fold), and heart (2.5-fold) (P 0.05). Insulin treatment reversed body weight loss and corrected hyperglycemia at diabetic rats as expected. Insulin treatment also corrected increased FAT/CD36 mRNA expression at diabetic rats. Vanadate significantly reduced serum glucose levels without increasing serum insulin or affecting body weight but reversed increased FAT/CD36 mRNA expression in diabetic rats. These data suggest that plasma glucose levels play more important role in the regulation of FAT/CD36 expression than concurrent changes in plasma insulin.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    SRI-13K
    Product Catalog Name:
    Sensitive Rat Insulin RIA