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APT409 CaspaTag Caspase 9 In Situ Assay Kit, Fluorescein

The CaspaTag Caspase-9 In Situ Assay Kit, Fluorescein for flow cytometry is a fluorescent-based assay for detection of active caspase-9 in cells undergoing apoptosis.

MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS, CoA and CoQ, dossiers, brochures and other available documents.
Key Applications: Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay
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APT409
100 assays  
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      Overview

      Replacement Information

      Key Spec Table

      Species ReactivityKey ApplicationsDetection Methods
      MaFC, ACTFluorescent
      Description
      Catalogue NumberAPT409
      Brand Family Chemicon®
      Trade Name
      • CaspaTag
      • Chemicon
      DescriptionCaspaTag Caspase 9 In Situ Assay Kit, Fluorescein
      Materials Required but Not Delivered· Cultured cells with media

      · Reagents to induce apoptosis

      · 15 mL polystyrene centrifuge tubes

      · Amber vials or tubes for storage of 150X concentrate at -20°C

      · 600 mL graduated cylinder

      · Microscope slides

      · Hemocytometer

      · Centrifuge (400 x g)

      · 37°C incubator

      · Vortexer

      · Adjustable volume pipettor with disposable tips

      · Deionized water

      · PBS, pH 7.4

      · DMSO
      Background InformationApoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of cell suicide, which follows a specialized cellular process. The central component of this process is a cascade of proteolytic enzymes called caspases. These enzymes participate in a series of reactions that are triggered in response to pro-apoptotic signals and result in the cleavage of protein substrates, causing the disassembly of the cell1.

      Caspases have been identified in organisms ranging from C. elegans to humans. The mammalian caspases play distinct roles in apoptosis and inflammation. In apoptosis, caspases are responsible for proteolytic cleavages that lead to cell disassembly (effector caspases), and are involved in upstream regulatory events (initiator caspases). An active caspase consists of two large and two small subunits that form two heterodimers, which associate in a tetramer2-4. In common with other proteases, caspases are synthesized as precursors that undergo proteolytic maturation, either autocatalytically or in a cascade by enzymes with similar specificity5.

      Caspase enzymes specifically recognize a 4 or 5 amino acid sequence on the target substrate, which necessarily includes an aspartic acid residue. This residue is the target for cleavage, which occurs at the carbonyl end of the aspartic acid residue6. Caspases can be detected via immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting techniques using caspase specific antibodies, or by employing fluorochrome substrates, which become fluorescent upon cleavage by the caspase.
      References
      Product Information
      Components
      • FLICA Reagent (FAM-LEHD-FMK): Four lyophilized vials
      • 10X Wash Buffer: 60 mL
      • Fixative: 6 mL
      • Propidium Iodide: 1 mL at 250 μg/mL, ready-to-use
      • Hoechst Stain: 1 mL at 200 μg/mL, ready-to-use
      Detection methodFluorescent
      HS Code3002 15 90
      Quality LevelMQ100
      Applications
      ApplicationThe CaspaTag Caspase-9 In Situ Assay Kit, Fluorescein for flow cytometry is a fluorescent-based assay for detection of active caspase-9 in cells undergoing apoptosis.
      Key Applications
      • Flow Cytometry
      • Activity Assay
      Application NotesThe CHEMICON® CaspaTag™ Caspase-9 In Situ Assay Kit, Fluorescein is a fluorescent-based assay for detection of active caspase-9 in cells undergoing apoptosis. The kit is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

      Test Principle

      CHEMICON®'s CaspaTag™ Caspase-9 In Situ Assay Kits use a novel approach to detect active caspases. The methodology is based on Fluorochrome Inhibitors of Caspases (FLICA). The inhibitors are cell permeable and non-cytotoxic. Once inside the cell, the inhibitor binds covalently to the active caspase7. This kit uses a carboxyfluorescein-labeled fluoromethyl ketone peptide inhibitor of caspase-9 (FAM-LEHD-FMK), which produces a green fluorescence. When added to a population of cells, the FAM-LEHD-FMK probe enters each cell and covalently binds to a reactive cysteine residue that resides on the large subunit of the active caspase heterodimer, thereby inhibiting further enzymatic activity. The bound labeled reagent is retained within the cell, while any unbound reagent will diffuse out of the cell and is washed away. The green fluorescent signal is a direct measure of the amount of active caspase-9 present in the cell at the time the reagent was added. Cells that contain the bound labeled reagent can be analyzed by 96-well plate-based fluorometry, fluorescence microscopy, or flow cytometry.
      Biological Information
      Species Reactivity
      • Mammals
      Entrez Gene Number
      Entrez Gene SummaryThis gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain, a large protease subunit, and a small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This protein is involved in the programmed cell death induced by Fas and various apoptotic stimuli. The N-terminal FADD-like death effector domain of this protein suggests that it may interact with Fas-interacting protein FADD. This protein was detected in the insoluble fraction of the affected brain region from Huntington disease patients but not in those from normal controls, which implicated the role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, although not all variants have had their full-length sequences determined.
      Gene Symbol
      • CASP8
      • MCH5
      • MGC78473
      • CASP-8
      • MACH
      • ALPS2B
      • procaspase-8
      • FLICE
      • CAP4
      • EC 3.4.22.61 [Contains: Caspase-8 subunit p18
      • Caspase-8 subunit p10].
      UniProt Number
      UniProt SummaryFUNCTION: SwissProt: Q14790 # Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death- inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10. May participate in the GZMB apoptotic pathways. Cleaves ADPRT. Hydrolyzes the small-molecule substrate, Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp- -AMC. Likely target for the cowpox virus CRMA death inhibitory protein. Isoforms 5, 6, 7 and 8 lack the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex.
      SIZE: 479 amino acids; 55391 Da
      SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer that consists of two anti-parallel arranged heterodimers, each one formed by a 18 kDa (p18) and a 10 kDa (p10) subunit. Interacts with FADD, CFLAR and PEA15. Isoform 9 interacts at the endoplasmic reticulum with a complex containing BCAP31, BAP29, BCL2 and/or BCL2L1.
      SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
      TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoforms 1, 5 and 7 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Highest expression in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, thymus, and liver. Barely detectable in brain, testis, and skeletal muscle.DOMAIN:SwissProt: Q14790 Isoform 9 contains a N-terminal extension that is required for interaction with the BCAP31 complex.
      PTM: Generation of the subunits requires association with the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), whereas additional processing is likely due to the autocatalytic activity of the activated protease. GZMB and CASP10 can be involved in these processing events. & Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.
      DISEASE: SwissProt: Q14790 # Defects in CASP8 are the cause of caspase-8 deficiency (CASP8D) [MIM:607271]. CASP8D is a disorder resembling autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). It is characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and defective CD95-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). It leads to defects in activation of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells leading to immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary and herpes simplex virus infections and poor responses to immunization.
      SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C14 family. & Contains 2 DED (death effector) domains.
      Physicochemical Information
      Dimensions
      Materials Information
      Toxicological Information
      Safety Information according to GHS
      Safety Information
      Product Usage Statements
      Usage Statement
      • Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
      Storage and Shipping Information
      Storage Conditions· Store unopened kit materials at 2-8°C up to their expiration date.

      · Reconstituted FLICA Reagent (150X) should be frozen at -20°C for up to 6 months, and may be thawed twice during this time. Aliquot into separate amber tubes if desired. Protect from light at all times.

      · Store diluted (1X) wash buffer up to -20°C for 2 weeks.
      Packaging Information
      Material Size100 assays
      Transport Information
      Supplemental Information
      Specifications
      Global Trade Item Number
      Catalogue Number GTIN
      APT409 08436037125492

      Documentation

      Brochure

      Title
      Advancing cancer research: From hallmarks & biomarkers to tumor microenvironment progression

      FAQ

      QuestionAnswer
      Why does caspase often exhibit different molecular weights?Full-length caspase 3 (pro-form) is 32kDa. Upon activation, caspase-3 is cleaved generating two smaller subunits of 17 kDa and 12 kDa. Other Caspases include Caspase 1 (proenzyme at 45kDa and subunit at 20kDa); Caspase 6 at 34kDa; Caspase 7 at 38kDa; Caspase 8 at 55kDa and Caspase 9 at 46-48kDa. It should be noted however that it can be difficult to detect the active fragments of many caspases because of their small size and biologically short life. The pro-forms are much more stable and readily detectable.

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      Categories

      Life Science Research > Protein Detection and Quantification > Activity Assays > Caspase & Apoptosis Detection