Gene expression relationship between prostate cancer cells of Gleason 3, 4 and normal epithelial cells as revealed by cell type-specific transcriptomes.
Laura E Pascal,Ricardo Z N Vêncio,Laura S Page,Emily S Liebeskind,Christina P Shadle,Pamela Troisch,Bruz Marzolf,Lawrence D True,Leroy E Hood,Alvin Y Liu
BMC cancer
9
2009
Show Abstract
Prostate cancer cells in primary tumors have been typed CD10-/CD13-/CD24hi/CD26+/CD38lo/CD44-/CD104-. This CD phenotype suggests a lineage relationship between cancer cells and luminal cells. The Gleason grade of tumors is a descriptive of tumor glandular differentiation. Higher Gleason scores are associated with treatment failure. Full Text Article | 20021671
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Developmental regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by the MSX and DLX homeodomain protein families.
Givens, ML; Rave-Harel, N; Goonewardena, VD; Kurotani, R; Berdy, SE; Swan, CH; Rubenstein, JL; Robert, B; Mellon, PL
The Journal of biological chemistry
280
19156-65
2005
Show Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the central regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, controlling sexual maturation and fertility in diverse species from fish to humans. GnRH gene expression is limited to a discrete population of neurons that migrate through the nasal region into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. The GnRH regulatory region contains four conserved homeodomain binding sites (ATTA) that are essential for basal promoter activity and cell-specific expression of the GnRH gene. MSX and DLX are members of the Antennapedia class of non-Hox homeodomain transcription factors that regulate gene expression and influence development of the craniofacial structures and anterior forebrain. Here, we report that expression patterns of the Msx and Dlx families of homeodomain transcription factors largely coincide with the migratory route of GnRH neurons and co-express with GnRH in neurons during embryonic development. In addition, MSX and DLX family members bind directly to the ATTA consensus sequences and regulate transcriptional activity of the GnRH promoter. Finally, mice lacking MSX1 or DLX1 and 2 show altered numbers of GnRH-expressing cells in regions where these factors likely function. These findings strongly support a role for MSX and DLX in contributing to spatiotemporal regulation of GnRH transcription during development. | 15743757
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