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14-576 Histone H2A.X Protein, human recombinant, 100 µg

Recombinant human Histone H2A.X for use as a substrate in in vitro enzymatic reactions, such as phosphorylation at Ser139 by Rsk1 or MSK1.

MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS, CoA and CoQ, dossiers, brochures and other available documents.
Key Applications: Kinase Assay UniProt Number: P16104 Entrez Gene Number: NM_002105.2
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14-576
100 µg  
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      Overview

      Replacement Information

      Key Spec Table

      Key ApplicationsEntrez Gene NumberUni Prot Number
      KANM_002105.2 P16104
      Description
      Catalogue Number14-576
      Brand Family Upstate
      Trade Name
      • Upstate
      DescriptionHistone H2A.X Protein, human recombinant, 100 µg
      OverviewRecombinant human histone H2A.X
      Alternate Names
      • H2AX
      • Histone H2AX
      References
      Product Information
      Quality LevelMQ100
      Applications
      ApplicationRecombinant human Histone H2A.X for use as a substrate in in vitro enzymatic reactions, such as phosphorylation at Ser139 by Rsk1 or MSK1.
      Key Applications
      • Kinase Assay
      Application NotesFor use as a substrate in in vitro enzymatic reactions, such as phosphorylation at Ser139 by Rsk1 or MSK1.
      Biological Information
      Sourceproduced in E.coli
      Specific ActivityFor Specific Activity data, refer to the Certificate of Analysis for individual lots of this enzyme.
      Entrez Gene Number
      Entrez Gene SummaryHistones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family, and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif.
      Gene Symbol
      • H2AFX
      • H2AX
      • H2a/x
      • H2A/X
      • H2A.X
      Purification MethodIon-exchange chromatography
      UniProt Number
      UniProt SummaryFUNCTION: SwissProt: P16104 # Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C- terminal phosphorylation.
      SIZE: 143 amino acids; 15145 Da
      SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with numerous proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair when phosphorylated on Ser-140. These include MDC1, TP53BP1, BRCA1 and the MRN complex, composed of MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN. Interaction with the MRN complex is mediated at least in part by NBN. Also interacts with DHX9/NDHII when phosphorylated on Ser-140.
      SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Synthesized in G1 as well as in S-phase.
      DOMAIN: SwissProt: P16104 The [ST]-Q motif constitutes a recognition sequence for kinases from the PI3/PI4-kinase family.
      PTM: Phosphorylated on Ser-140 (to form gamma-H2AFX) in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic recombination events and immunoglobulin class switching in lymphocytes. Phosphorylation can extend up to several thousand nucleosomes from the actual site of the DSB and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Widespread phosphorylation may also serve to amplify the damage signal or aid repair of persistent lesions. Phosphorylation of Ser-140 in response to ionizing radiation is mediated by both ATM and PRKDC while defects in DNA replication induce Ser-140 phosphorylation subsequent to activation of ATR and PRKDC. Dephosphorylation of Ser-140 by PP2A is required for DNA DSB repair. In meiosis, Ser-140 phosphorylation may occur at synaptonemal complexes during leptotene as an ATM-dependent response to the formation of programmed DSBs by SPO11. Ser-140 phosphorylation may subsequently occurs at unsynapsed regions of both autosomes and the XY bivalent during zygotene, downstream of ATR and BRCA1 activation. Ser-140 phosphorylation may also be required for transcriptional repression of unsynapsed chromatin and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), whereby the X and Y chromosomes condense in pachytene to form the heterochromatic XY-body. During immunoglobulin class switch recombination in lymphocytes, Ser-140 phosphorylation may occur at sites of DNA-recombination subsequent to activation of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase AICDA. & Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 by RING1 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression (By similarity).
      SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family.
      Molecular Weight~15kDa
      Physicochemical Information
      Dimensions
      Materials Information
      Toxicological Information
      Safety Information according to GHS
      Safety Information
      Product Usage Statements
      Quality Assuranceroutinely evaluated by phosphorylation of Histone H2A.X
      Usage Statement
      • Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
      Storage and Shipping Information
      Storage Conditions2 years at 4°C
      Packaging Information
      Material Size100 µg
      Transport Information
      Supplemental Information
      Specifications
      Global Trade Item Number
      Catalogue Number GTIN
      14-576 04053252274558