COA 100345
- Document Type:
- Certificate of Analysis
- Product Catalog Number:
- 100345
1.00345
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More Than Sure
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Inorganics & Solvents for classical analysis
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Acids for analysis EMSURE®| EMPARTA®
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Smart Up your lab
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The synergistic cytotoxicity of clofarabine, fludarabine and busulfan in AML cells involves ATM pathway activation and chromatin remodeling.
- DNA alkylating agents alone or with ionizing radiation have been the preferred conditioning treatment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In search of less toxic alternatives, we hypothesized that combination of busulfan (Bu), fludarabine (Flu) and clofarabine (Clo) would provide superior efficacy. At low concentrations, these drugs show synergistic cytotoxicity in Bu-resistant AML KBM3/Bu250(6) cells. Similar molecular responses were observed in other AML cell lines and in primary explanted AML cells. The [Clo+Flu+Bu] combination activates an intense DNA damage response through the ATM pathway, leading to cell cycle checkpoint activation and apoptosis. Phosphorylations of SMC1 and SMC3, and methylations of histones 3 and 4, are much more pronounced in cells exposed to [Clo+Flu+Bu] than [Clo+Flu], suggesting their relevance in the efficacy of the triple-drug combination. A possible mechanism for these observed synergistic effects involves the capability of [Clo+Flu] to induce histone methylations and subsequent chromatin remodeling, which may render the genomic DNA more accessible to Bu alkylation. The Bu-mediated DNA cross-linking may provide a feedback loop which perpetuates the DNA damage response initiated by [Clo+Flu] and commits the cells to apoptosis. Our results provide a conceptual mechanistic basis for exploring this triple-drug combination in pretransplant conditioning therapy for allo-HSCT.
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- 05-345
- Product Catalog Name:
- Anti-p21/WAF1/Cip1 Antibody
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Certificate of Analysis 1.05040 B0905340
- Document Type:
- Certificate of Analysis
- Lot Number:
- B0905340
- Product Catalog Number:
- 1.05040
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PTEN and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitors up-regulate p53 and block tumor-induced angiogenesis: evidence for an effect on the tumor and endothelial compartment.
- Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that PTEN regulates tumor-induced angiogenesis and thrombospondin 1 expression in malignant glioma. Herein, we demonstrated the first evidence that the systemic administration of a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) has antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in vivo. We show that PTEN reconstitution diminished phosphorylation of AKT, induced the transactivation of p53 (7.5-fold induction) and increased the expression of p53 target genes, p21(waf-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in glioma cells. PTEN and LY294002 induced p53 activity in human brain endothelial cells, suggesting that PTEN and PI3K pathways can suppress the progression of cancer through direct actions on tumor and endothelial cells. The capacity of PTEN and LY294002 to inhibit U87MG or U373MG glioma growth was tested in an ectopic skin and orthotopic brain tumor model. LY294002 inhibited glioma tumor growth in vivo, induced tumor regression, decreased the incidence of brain tumors, and blocked the tumor-induced angiogenic response of U87MG cells in vivo. These data provide evidence that both PTEN and PI3K inhibitors regulate p53 function and display in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. These results provide evidence that the two tumor suppressor genes, PTEN and p53, act together to block tumor progression in vivo. Our data provide the first preclinical evidence for the in vivo efficacy for LY294002 in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
- Document Type:
- Reference
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- Multiple
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- Multiple
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Perturbations in O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine protein modification cause severe defects in mitotic progression and cytokinesis.
- The dynamic modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification that is rapidly responsive to morphogens, hormones, nutrients, and cellular stress. Here we show that O-GlcNAc is an important regulator of the cell cycle. Increased O-GlcNAc (pharmacologically or genetically) results in growth defects linked to delays in G2/M progression, altered mitotic phosphorylation, and cyclin expression. Overexpression of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, induces a mitotic exit phenotype accompanied by a delay in mitotic phosphorylation, altered cyclin expression, and pronounced disruption in nuclear organization. Overexpression of the O-GlcNAc transferase, the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, results in a polyploid phenotype with faulty cytokinesis. Notably, O-GlcNAc transferase is concentrated at the mitotic spindle and midbody at M phase. These data suggest that dynamic O-GlcNAc processing is a pivotal regulatory component of the cell cycle, controlling cell cycle progression by regulating mitotic phosphorylation, cyclin expression, and cell division.
- Document Type:
- Reference
- Product Catalog Number:
- Multiple
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- Multiple