It appears that your browser has JavaScript disabled.

This Website requires your browser to be JavaScript enabled.

Please enable JavaScript and reload this page.

conjugated+pad

10 Results Advanced Search

Documents (3)

Site Content (3)

Can't Find What You're Looking For?

Contact Customer Service

Preponderance of sensory versus sympathetic nerve fibers and increased cellularity in the infrapatellar fat pad in anterior knee pain patients after primary arthroplasty.
Sensory nerve fibers transmit pain perception and secrete pro-inflammatory substance P (SP). Sympathetic nerve fibers secrete anti-inflammatory norepinephrine and endogenous opioids, which inhibit pain perception in a bidirectional crosstalk with sensory fibers. In patients with anterior knee pain after primary arthroplasty of the knee (AKP), this study investigated in parallel the innervation of the infrapatellar fat pad by sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers. A total of 32 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee (n = 10), AKP after primary knee joint replacement (n = 7), and OA of the hip (n = 15) were included. Sensory nerve fibers were semiquantitatively detected by immunohistochemistry against SP, and sympathetic nerve fibers were stained with an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase. Cellular density of the tissue was investigated by counting cell nuclei. The density of sympathetic nerve fibers in the fat tissue was similar in knee OA as compared to AKP. In the fat tissue, density of sensory substance P-positive nerve fibers was higher in AKP than in knee OA, which was not observed in the fibrosis capsule of the fat pad. The preponderance of sensory over sympathetic nerve fibers was accompanied by an increased cellular density in fat tissue in patients with AKP compared to knee OA. A positive correlation existed between cellularity and sensory nerve fiber density in fat tissue. This study revealed a preponderance of sensory over sympathetic innervation in the infrapatellar fat pad in AKP after primary arthroplasty of the knee, which possibly leads to aggravation and continuation of AKP and local inflammation.
Document Type:

Reference

Product Catalog Number:

AB1566
Product Catalog Name:

Anti-Substance P Antibody, pain
The Epicardial Neural Ganglionated Plexus of the Ovine Heart: Anatomical Basis for Experimental Cardiac Electrophysiology and Nerve Protective Cardiac Surgery.
BACKGROUND: Sheep are routinely used in experimental cardiac electrophysiology and surgery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to (1) ascertain the topography and architecture of the ovine epicardial neural plexus (ENP), (2) determine the relationships of ENP with vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerves and ganglia, and (3) evaluate gross anatomic differences and similarities of ENP in humans, sheep, and other species. METHODS: Ovine ENP and extrinsic sympathetic and vagal nerves were stained histochemically for acetylcholinesterase in whole heart and/or thorax-dissected preparations from 23 newborn lambs, with subsequent examination by stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Intrinsic cardiac nerves extend from the venous part of the ovine heart hilum along the roots of the cranial (superior) caval and left azygos veins to both atria and ventricles via five epicardial routes: dorsal right atrial, middle dorsal, left dorsal, right ventral, and ventral left atrial nerve subplexuses. Intrinsic nerves proceeding from the arterial part of the heart hilum along the roots of the aorta and pulmonary trunk extend exclusively into the ventricles as the right and left coronary subplexuses. The dorsal right atrial, right ventral, and middle dorsal subplexuses receive the main extrinsic neural input from the right cervicothoracic and right thoracic sympathetic T(2) and T(3) ganglia as well as from the right vagal nerve. The left dorsal subplexus is supplied by sizeable extrinsic nerves from the left thoracic T(4)-T(6) sympathetic ganglia and the left vagal nerve. Sheep hearts contained an average of 769 +/- 52 epicardial ganglia. Cumulative areas of epicardial ganglia on the root of the cranial vena cava and on the wall of the coronary sinus were the largest of all regions (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Despite substantial interindividual variability in the morphology of ovine ENP, right-sided epicardial neural subplexuses supplying the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes are mostly concentrated at a fat pad between the right pulmonary veins and the cranial vena cava. This finding is in sharp contrast with a solely left lateral neural input to the human atrioventricular node, which extends mainly from the left dorsal and middle dorsal subplexuses. The abundance of epicardial ganglia distributed widely along the ovine ventricular nerves over respectable distances below the coronary groove implies a distinctive neural control of the ventricles in human and sheep hearts. Copyright Â© 2010 Heart Rhythm Society. All rights reserved.
Document Type:

Reference

Product Catalog Number:

AP180C
Product Catalog Name:

Donkey Anti-Goat IgG Antibody, Cy3 conjugate, Species Adsorbed
Breast cancer cell targeting by prenylation inhibitors elucidated in living animals with a bioluminescence reporter.
Inhibitors of protein prenylation, including prenyltransferase inhibitors and aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid, are being investigated intensively as therapeutics in cancer and other diseases. Determining whether prenylation inhibitors directly or indirectly target tumor and/or host cells is key to understanding therapeutic mechanisms.To determine which cell types can be targeted directly by distinct classes of prenylation inhibitors in vivo, we describe herein the development and implementation of a sensitive and pharmacologically specific bioluminescence-based imaging reporter that is inducible by prenylation inhibitors.In mouse xenograft models of breast cancer, using reporter-bearing mammary fat pad- or bone-localized tumor cells, we show that a prenyltransferase inhibitor robustly induces reporter activity in vivo. In contrast, zoledronic acid, a bone-associated aminobisphosphonate that exerts adjuvant chemotherapeutic activity in patients with breast cancer, fails to induce reporter activity in tumor cells of either model.Although a prenyltransferase inhibitor can directly target breast cancer cells in vivo, zoledronic acid and related aminobisphosphonates are likely to exert antitumor activity indirectly by targeting host cells. Accordingly, these findings shift attention toward the goal of determining which host cell types are targeted directly by aminobisphosphonates to exert adjuvant chemotherapeutic activity.
Document Type:

Reference

Product Catalog Number:

MAB1501
Product Catalog Name:

Anti-Actin Antibody, clone C4