Millipore Sigma Vibrant Logo
 

glikol


201 Results Advanced Search  
Showing
Products (104)
Documents (72)
Site Content (25)

Narrow Your Results Use the filters below to refine your search

Document Type

  • (63)
  • (7)
  • (1)
  • (1)

Application Type

  • (7)

Field of Activity

  • (6)
  • (1)

Sample

  • (1)
  • (1)
  • (1)
  • (1)
  • (1)
  • Show More
Can't Find What You're Looking For?
Contact Customer Service

 

  • Effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and its metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid, on organogenesis stage mouse limbs in vitro. 24798094

    Exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), a glycol ether compound found in numerous industrial products, or to its active metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA), increases the incidence of developmental defects. Using an in vitro limb bud culture system, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of EGME on limb development are mediated by 2-MAA-induced alterations in acetylation programming. Murine gestation day 12 embryonic forelimbs were exposed to 3, 10, or 30 mM EGME or 2-MAA in culture for 6 days to examine effects on limb morphology; limbs were cultured for 1 to 24 hr to monitor effects on the acetylation of histones (H3K9 and H4K12), a nonhistone protein, p53 (p53K379), and markers for cell cycle arrest (p21) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). EGME had little effect on limb morphology and no significant effects on the acetylation of histones or p53 or on biomarkers for cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In contrast, 2-MAA exposure resulted in a significant concentration-dependent increase in limb abnormalities. 2-MAA induced the hyperacetylation of histones H3K9Ac and H4K12Ac at all concentrations tested (3, 10, and 30 mM). Exposure to 10 or 30 mM 2-MAA significantly increased acetylation of p53 at K379, p21 expression, and caspase-3 cleavage. Thus, 2-MAA, the proximate metabolite of EGME, disrupts limb development in vitro, modifies acetylation programming, and induces biomarkers of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    04-119
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-acetyl-Histone H4 (Lys12) Antibody, rabbit monoclonal

  • A tetra(ethylene glycol) derivative of benzothiazole aniline enhances Ras-mediated spinogenesis. 23719799

    The tetra(ethylene glycol) derivative of benzothiazole aniline, BTA-EG4, is a novel amyloid-binding small molecule that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and protect cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. However, the effects of Aβ-targeting molecules on other cellular processes, including those that modulate synaptic plasticity, remain unknown. We report here that BTA-EG4 decreases Aβ levels, alters cell surface expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and improves memory in wild-type mice. Interestingly, the BTA-EG4-mediated behavioral improvement is not correlated with LTP, but with increased spinogenesis. The higher dendritic spine density reflects an increase in the number of functional synapses as determined by increased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) frequency without changes in presynaptic parameters or postsynaptic mEPSC amplitude. Additionally, BTA-EG4 requires APP to regulate dendritic spine density through a Ras signaling-dependent mechanism. Thus, BTA-EG4 may provide broad therapeutic benefits for improving neuronal and cognitive function, and may have implications in neurodegenerative disease therapy.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple

  • Doxycycline loaded poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for healing vesicant-induced ocular wounds. 19853296

    Half mustard (CEES) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are commonly used surrogates and vesicant analogs of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. In the current study, in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based doxycycline hydrogels are developed and evaluated for their wound healing efficacy in CEES and NM-exposed rabbit corneas in organ culture. The hydrogels, characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, rheometry, and swelling kinetics, showed that the hydrogels are optically transparent, have good mechanical strength and a relatively low degree of swelling (<7%). In vitro doxycycline release from the hydrogel disks (0.25% w/v) was found to be biphasic with release half times of approximately 12 and 72h, respectively, with 80-100% released over a 7-day period. Permeation of doxycycline through vesicant wounded corneas was found to be 2.5 to 3.4 fold higher than non-wounded corneas. Histology and immunofluorescence studies showed a significant reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and improved healing of vesicant-exposed corneas by doxycycline hydrogels compared to a similar dose of doxycycline delivered in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). In conclusion, the current studies demonstrate that the doxycycline-PEG hydrogels accelerate corneal wound healing after vesicant injury offering a therapeutic option for ocular mustard injuries.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB3309

  • Control of neural cell composition in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel culture with soluble factors. 21823990

    Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are being developed as cell delivery vehicles that have great potential to improve neuronal replacement therapies. Current research priorities include (1) characterizing neural cell growth within PEG hydrogels relative to standard culture systems and (2) generating neuronal-enriched populations within the PEG hydrogel environment. This study compares the percentage of neural precursor cells (NPCs), neurons, and glia present when dissociated neural cells are seeded within PEG hydrogels relative to standard monolayer culture. Results demonstrate that PEG hydrogels enriched the initial cell population for NPCs, which subsequently gave rise to neurons, then to glia. Relative to monolayer culture, PEG hydrogels maintained an increased percentage of NPCs and a decreased percentage of glia. This neurogenic advantage of PEG hydrogels is accentuated in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, which more potently increase NPC and neuronal expression markers when applied to cells cultured within PEG hydrogels. Finally, this work demonstrates that glial differentiation can be selectively eliminated upon supplementation with a γ-secretase inhibitor. Together, this study furthers our understanding of how the PEG hydrogel environment influences neural cell composition and also describes select soluble factors that are useful in generating neuronal-enriched populations within the PEG hydrogel environment.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple

  • Synthesis and properties of caprolactone and ethylene glycol copolymers for neural regeneration. 22534765

    Copolymer networks from poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) and caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester were synthesized and the resulting structure of the copolymer network was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, equilibrium water gain and dynamic mechanical analysis, results which were employed to conclude about the network structure of the resulting copolymers. The new material is a random copolymer with a good miscibility and increasing hydrophilicity as the PEGMA content increases in the composition. Physical data suggest an excess free volume and synergistic interactions between the lateral chains of both comonomers. Olfactory ensheathing cells were cultured on the different networks, and cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTS assay. The copolymers with a 30 wt% of PEGMA showed the best results compared with the other compositions in this respect, indicating the relevance for biological performance of a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic functionalities in the polymer chain.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    MAB365
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Antibody, extracellular, clone 192-IgG

  • Antitumor effect of all-trans retinoic acid-encapsulated nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated chitosan against CT-26 colon carcinoma in vitro. 18240304

    All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-incorporated nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)-grafted chitosan were prepared through ion-complex formation between ATRA and chitosan. This nanoparticle has around 100 nm of diameter and favorable reconstitution properties. ATRA-incorporated nanoparticles has almost similar cytotoxicity against CT-26 tumor cells when compared to free ATRA. But nanoparticles was more effective to inhibit invasion of tumor cells than free ATRA at invasion test using matrigel. These results can be explained by apoptosis analysis using flow cytometer. When free ATRA or ATRA-incorporated nanoparticles were treated, tumor cells were slight progressed apoptosis. Furthermore, apoptosis was also progressed by treated with MPEG-grafted chitosan.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    ECM550
    Product Catalog Name:
    QCM ECMatrix Cell Invasion Assay, 24-well (8 µm), colorimetric