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  • FOSL1 controls the assembly of endothelial cells into capillary tubes by direct repression of αv and β3 integrin transcription. 23319049

    To form three-dimensional capillary tubes, endothelial cells must establish contacts with the extracellular matrix that provides signals for their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The transcription factor Fosl1 plays a key role in the vasculogenic and angiogenic processes as Fosl1 knockout embryos die with vascular defects in extraembryonic tissues. Here, we show that Fosl1(-/-) embryonic stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells but fail to correctly assemble into primitive capillaries and to form tube-like structures. FOSL1 silencing affects in vitro angiogenesis, increases cell adhesion, and decreases cell mobility of primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC). We further show that FOSL1 is a repressor of αv and β3 integrin expression and that the down-modulation of αvβ3 rescues the angiogenic phenotype in FOSL1-silenced HUVEC, while the ectopic expression of αvβ3 alone reproduces the phenotypic alterations induced by FOSL1 knockdown. FOSL1 represses the transcription of both αv and β3 integrin genes by binding together with JunD to their proximal promoter via the transcription factor SP1. These data suggest that FOSL1-dependent negative regulation of αvβ3 expression on endothelial cells is required for endothelial assembly into vessel structures.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple

  • Ciliated epithelial-specific and regional-specific expression and regulation of the estrogen receptor-beta2 in the fallopian tubes of immature rats: a possible mechanism ... 17374697

    Several ERbeta isoforms have been identified in human and rodent tissues, but it is unclear whether each isoform has distinctly different cellular targeting characteristics and physiological functions. We have investigated the intracellular localization and regulatory patterns for ERbeta isoforms in rat fallopian tubes. Western blot analysis reveals that two ERbeta isoforms corresponding to ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 are expressed in rat fallopian tubes. However, ERbeta2 is the predominant form of ERbeta in this tissue. High-resolution confocal imaging and immunohistochemical analysis provide ample evidence that ERbeta expression is limited almost exclusively to the ciliated epithelial cells, in contrast to ERalpha, which is widely distributed. Furthermore, within the ciliated epithelial cells, ERbeta is colocalized with beta-tubulin IV at stem portion of the cilia. We show that ERbeta2 protein expression is tightly regulated by E(2) or DPN in a time-dependent manner without changes in ERbeta1 expression. These estrogenic effects are inhibited by an ER antagonist, ICI 182,780. In addition, significant alteration of ERbeta immunoreactivity is detected only histologically in the ampullary region. Since the cilia are considered an essential determinant of tubal transport, we further demonstrate that E(2)- or DPN-induced ERbeta2 activation is associated with alterations in tubal protein expression crucial for the regulation of calcium-dependent ciliary beating. Given the coordinated regulation and interaction of ER and progesterone receptor in the cilia, we hypothesize that tubal ERbeta2 may facilitate the estrogen-mediated transport process by processing protein-protein interaction under physiological and/or pathological conditions. We show for the first time that a previously unrecognized localization of ERbeta isoform in rat fallopian tubes can combine with estrogen to individually control the expression of ER beta-isoforms in normal target tissues.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    06-629

  • A junctional problem of apical proportions: epithelial tube-size control by septate junctions in the Drosophila tracheal system. 15363798

    The size of epithelial tubes is critical for the function of organs such as the lung, kidney and vascular system. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating tube size are largely unknown. Recent work in the Drosophila tracheal system reveals that septate junctions play a previously unsuspected role in tube-size control. Surprisingly, this tube-size function is distinct from the established diffusion barrier function of septate junctions, and involves regulation of cell shape rather than cell number. Possible tube-size functions of septate junctions include patterning of the apical extracellular matrix and regulation of conserved cell polarity genes such as Scribble and Discs Large.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    07-643
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Scrib Antibody