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  • Multiple neurotrophic effects of VEGF on cultured neurons. 20430442

    A large literature demonstrates the multifunctional nature of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Though initially characterized as an endothelial cell-specific factor, recent studies reveal that VEGF has numerous effects on diverse cell types in the brain including neurons. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of VEGF in cultured cortical neurons on survival, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase) activity, pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression and on release of neurotrophic and neurotoxic factors. The results show that VEGF dose-dependently enhances the survival of neurons in culture. VEGF decreases active caspase 3 levels and increases expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. VEGF decreases phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase level and activity in cortical neurons. In addition to modulating survival/death pathways in cortical neurons, VEGF also regulates release of proteins that affect neuronal viability. VEGF causes a dose-dependent release of the neurotrophic protein pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), while significantly decreasing release of the neurotoxic protein amyloid beta. The VEGF-mediated decrease in amyloid beta is dependent on a functional Flt-1 receptor and is inhibited by dicoumarol, a multifunctional inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/JNK and NFkappaB pathways. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the neurotrophic effects of VEGF are likely mediated directly by increasing survival and decreasing apoptotic proteins and signals as well as indirectly by modulating release of proteins that affect neuronal viability.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    07-280
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-PEDF Antibody
  • Immobilization of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase on silica gel and enhancement of its stability. 12665670

    Glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) acylase is an enzyme that converts GL-7-ACA to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, a starting material for semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. In this study, optimal conditions for the immobilization of GL-7-ACA acylase were determined by experimental observations and statistical methods. The optimal conditions were as follows: 1.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 8.3) as buffer solution, immobilization temperature of 20 degrees C, and immobilization time of 120 min. Unreacted aldehyde groups were quenched by reaction with a low-molecular-weight material such as L-lysine, glycine, and ethanolamine after immobilization in order to enhance the activity of immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase. The activities of immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase obtained by using the low-molecular-weight materials were higher than those obtained by immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase not treated with low-molecular-weight materials. In particular, the highest activity of immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase was obtained using 0.4% (v/v) ethanolamine. We also investigated the effect of sodium cyanoborohydride in order to increase the stability of the linkage between the enzyme and the support. The effect on operational stability was obvious: the activity of immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase treated with 4% (w/w) sodium cyanoborohydride remained almost 100% after 20 times of reuse.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    03-104
    Nombre del producto:
    RIPAb+ CUGBP1 - RIP Validated Antibody and Primer Set
  • Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for monitoring of hippuric and methylhippuric acid in human urine. 8143687

    The factors affecting micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic separation of hippuric and o-, m-, p-methylhippuric acid were investigated by changing the species of micelles, and adding urea to the micellar solution. The analysis of hippurates in human urine is demonstrated under optimum conditions using 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 100 mM dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 4 M urea at -22 kV applied voltage. This method proved suitable for the screening of hippurates in human urine following occupational exposure to toluene and xylene.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    20-400
    Nombre del producto:
    Magna GrIP™ Rack (8 well)
  • Detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype B at sub mouse LD(50) levels by a sandwich immunoassay and its application to toxin detection in milk. 20548779

    BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the causative agent of botulism, a serious neuroparylatic disease, is produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum and consists of a family of seven serotypes (A-H). We previously reported production of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to BoNT serotype A.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    AP127
    Nombre del producto:
    Goat Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody, Fc
  • Renin inhibitor aliskiren exerts neuroprotection against amyloid beta-peptide toxicity in rat cortical neurons. 22609375

    Accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been implicated in neuronal degeneration. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, including the renin inhibitor aliskiren, are a group of clinically relevant anti-hypertensive agents. The present study was initiated to investigate whether aliskiren may modulate Aβ neurotoxicity as an additional function aside from its established property of lowering blood pressure. We found aliskiren conferred neuronal resistance to Aβ toxicity in primary rat cortical cultures. Moreover, both Aβ25-35 and Aβ1-42 induced renin expression in cortical neurons; in parallel, a heightened expression of renin was detected in the cerebral cortices of 9-month-old AD transgenic mice. Notably, aliskiren blocked Aβ-mediated neuronal induction of renin. We therefore concluded that aliskiren may carry neuroprotective action against Aβ toxicity. Furthermore, the aliskiren effects may involve downregulation of renin expression induced by Aβ.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    MAB4339