MABS2189-100UG Sigma-AldrichAnti-PTPRD Antibody, clone F34a6

Leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) class protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical for axonal guidance; however, their relation to specific guidance cues is poorly defined. We here show that PTP-3, a LAR homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, is involved in axon guidance regulated by Semaphorin-2A-signaling. PTPδ, one of the vertebrate LAR class PTPs, participates in the Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A)-induced growth cone collapse response of primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from Mus musculus embryos. In vivo, however, the contribution of PTPδ in Sema3A-regualted axon guidance was minimal. Instead, PTPδ played a major role in Sema3A-dependent cortical dendritic growth. Ptpδ-/- and Sema3a-/- mutant mice exhibited poor arborization of basal dendrites of cortical layer V neurons. This phenotype was observed in both male and female mutants. The double-heterozygous mutants, Ptpδ+/-; Sema3a+/-, also showed a similar phenotype, indicating the genetic interaction. In Ptpδ-/- brains, Fyn and Src kinases were hyperphosphorylated at their C-terminal Tyr527 residues. Sema3A-stimulation induced dephosphorylation of Tyr527 in the dendrites of wild-type cortical neurons but not of Ptpδ-/- Arborization of cortical basal dendrites was reduced in Fyn-/- as well as in Ptpδ+/-; Fyn+/- double-heterozygous mutants. Collectively, PTPδ mediates Sema3A-signaling through the activation of Fyn by C-terminal dephosphorylation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The relation of leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) class protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and specific axon guidance cues is poorly defined. We show that PTP-3, a LAR homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, participates in Sema2A-regulated axon guidance. PTPδ, a member of vertebrate LAR class PTPs, is involved in Sema3A-regulated cortical dendritic growth. In Sema3A signaling, PTPδ activates Fyn and Src kinases by dephosphorylating their C-terminal Tyr residues. This is the first evidence showing that LAR class PTPs participate in Semaphorin signaling in vivo.

Protein tyrosine phosphate δ (PTPδ), one of the receptor type IIa protein tyrosine phosphates, is known for its roles in axon guidance, synapse formation, cell adhesion, and tumor suppression. Alternative splicing of this gene generates at least four (A-D) isoforms; however, the major isoform in vivo is yet to be determined. The protein localization has neither been revealed. We have generated anti-mouse PTPδ-specific monoclonal antibody and analyzed the protein expression in wild-type and Ptpδ knockout mice. Immunoblot analysis of various organs revealed that neuronal tissues express both C-and D-isoforms of PTPδ, whereas non-neuronal tissues express only C-isoform. Immunohistochemistry of wild-type or Ptpδ heterozygous sections showed that olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and several nuclei in brain stem exhibit moderate to strong positive signals. These signals were absent in Ptpδ knockout specimens. Higher magnification revealed differences between expression patterns of PTPδ mRNA and its protein product. In hippocampus, weak mRNA expression in CA1 stratum pyramidale but strong immunostaining in the stratum lacunosum moleculare was observed, suggesting the axonal expression of PTPδ in the entorhinal cortical afferents. Olfactory mitral cells exhibited mRNA expression in cell bodies and protein localization in their dendritic fields, glomerular and external plexiform layers. Nissl staining showed that the external plexiform layer was reduced in Ptpδ knockout mice. Golgi-impregnation confirmed the poor dendritic growth of homozygous mitral cells. These results suggest that PTPδ may localize in axons as well as in dendrites to regulate their elaboration in the central nervous system.